Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques

Vertical land motion is associated with land geohazards that portrays land movement in subsidence and uplift. As Malaysia is exposed to the tropical climate, heavy rain will cause the floodwater to submerge land or coastal areas, particularly in the presence of land subsidence. This could result in...

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Main Author:	Zulkifli, NurAdilla
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/100019/1/NurAdillaZulkifliPFABU2022.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1000192023-03-29T06:17:38Z Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques 2022 Zulkifli, NurAdilla G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system Vertical land motion is associated with land geohazards that portrays land movement in subsidence and uplift. As Malaysia is exposed to the tropical climate, heavy rain will cause the floodwater to submerge land or coastal areas, particularly in the presence of land subsidence. This could result in severe environmental consequences, such as inundation and economic losses. Therefore, this study presents an approach to estimate the rate of vertical land motion using multi-sensor technology, which are the Global Positioning System (GPS), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and integrating them with the satellite altimeter minus tide gauge techniques. The four objectives of this study were to improve the accuracy of the vertical component on GPS measurement by mitigating the effects of seasonal variations, to derive the deformation of the Earth surface induced by hydrological loading and tectonic motion on GRACE measurement, to quantify the coastal vertical land motion using satellite altimeter minus tide gauge technique, and to integrate the vertical land motion rates within a 19-year period, from 1999 to 2017, for the region of Malaysia using space-based geodetic techniques. The methodology used was to firstly generate GPS vertical position time series from Bernese 5.2 software by considering the diverse geophysical sources on seasonal variations. Then, the vertical displacement of the Earth’s surface was derived from the GRACE measurement. This was followed by the quantification of coastal vertical land motion using direct and advanced approaches. Finally, the rate of vertical land motion was then derived from each multi-sensor space-based geodetic technique before it was integrated using the least-squares collocation method over the Malaysian region. As Malaysia experiences land subsidence and uplift based on the integrated vertical land motion rates, as such the analysis of vertical land motion trend produced novel findings. The absolute motions indicated an overall displacement from a subsidence rate of -20 mm/yr. to an uplift of 5 mm/yr. A significant subsidence rate was observed at specific areas in Peninsular Malaysia due to groundwater extraction and natural compaction, except for Pantai Tok Jembal, which experienced coastal erosion. In East Malaysia, other areas encountered land subsidence due to peatlands, excluded Kota Belud and Kota Marudu as the groundwater development project had taken place at these areas, which gave proof of the dominant effect of land subsidence in Malaysia. In conclusion, the integration of multi-sensor technology in quantifying vertical land motion rates would not only help researchers obtain insight into the motion trends, but it also serves as a key to forecast the necessities of populations and environment, thus implementing appropriate monitoring and prevention measures for future geohazard risk assessment. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/100019/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/100019/1/NurAdillaZulkifliPFABU2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150097 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system
spellingShingle	G70.212-70.215 Geographic information system Zulkifli, NurAdilla Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
description	Vertical land motion is associated with land geohazards that portrays land movement in subsidence and uplift. As Malaysia is exposed to the tropical climate, heavy rain will cause the floodwater to submerge land or coastal areas, particularly in the presence of land subsidence. This could result in severe environmental consequences, such as inundation and economic losses. Therefore, this study presents an approach to estimate the rate of vertical land motion using multi-sensor technology, which are the Global Positioning System (GPS), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and integrating them with the satellite altimeter minus tide gauge techniques. The four objectives of this study were to improve the accuracy of the vertical component on GPS measurement by mitigating the effects of seasonal variations, to derive the deformation of the Earth surface induced by hydrological loading and tectonic motion on GRACE measurement, to quantify the coastal vertical land motion using satellite altimeter minus tide gauge technique, and to integrate the vertical land motion rates within a 19-year period, from 1999 to 2017, for the region of Malaysia using space-based geodetic techniques. The methodology used was to firstly generate GPS vertical position time series from Bernese 5.2 software by considering the diverse geophysical sources on seasonal variations. Then, the vertical displacement of the Earth’s surface was derived from the GRACE measurement. This was followed by the quantification of coastal vertical land motion using direct and advanced approaches. Finally, the rate of vertical land motion was then derived from each multi-sensor space-based geodetic technique before it was integrated using the least-squares collocation method over the Malaysian region. As Malaysia experiences land subsidence and uplift based on the integrated vertical land motion rates, as such the analysis of vertical land motion trend produced novel findings. The absolute motions indicated an overall displacement from a subsidence rate of -20 mm/yr. to an uplift of 5 mm/yr. A significant subsidence rate was observed at specific areas in Peninsular Malaysia due to groundwater extraction and natural compaction, except for Pantai Tok Jembal, which experienced coastal erosion. In East Malaysia, other areas encountered land subsidence due to peatlands, excluded Kota Belud and Kota Marudu as the groundwater development project had taken place at these areas, which gave proof of the dominant effect of land subsidence in Malaysia. In conclusion, the integration of multi-sensor technology in quantifying vertical land motion rates would not only help researchers obtain insight into the motion trends, but it also serves as a key to forecast the necessities of populations and environment, thus implementing appropriate monitoring and prevention measures for future geohazard risk assessment.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Zulkifli, NurAdilla
author_facet	Zulkifli, NurAdilla
author_sort	Zulkifli, NurAdilla
title	Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
title_short	Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
title_full	Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
title_fullStr	Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
title_sort	vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying
granting_department	Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/100019/1/NurAdillaZulkifliPFABU2022.pdf
_version_	1776100655234023424

Vertical land motion estimation derived from space-based geodetic techniques

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