Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin

Sample preparation for the analysis of biological fluid samples posed significant challenges to the clinical laboratory. The current sample preparation practice involves multi-steps procedure that are time consuming and may lead to analytes lost. In this study, a low-cost, single-use sampling probe...

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Main Author:	Tey, Hui Yin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101505/1/TeyHuiYinPFS2022.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1015052023-06-23T02:52:04Z Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin 2022 Tey, Hui Yin QD Chemistry Sample preparation for the analysis of biological fluid samples posed significant challenges to the clinical laboratory. The current sample preparation practice involves multi-steps procedure that are time consuming and may lead to analytes lost. In this study, a low-cost, single-use sampling probe was introduced for electric field driven extraction. The sampling probe consists of a non-conductive glass capillary substrate, and a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) dip-coated on the glass capillary substrate. The probe features a user-friendly design that can electrically extract targeted analytes from biological fluid sample. The glass capillary, closed at one end, was dipped in a homogeneous membrane solution that consists of an optimum composition of cellulose triacetate (CTA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf2]), yielded a PIM with thickness of 30 μm on the sampling probe. The effects of dipping cycles (thickness), voltage applied, and sample pH on the extraction efficiency of the sampling probe were thoroughly investigated. The concept of electrokinetic extraction using the PIM sampling probe was first demonstrated on the cationic model analyte, Rhodamine 6G at 500 V for 60 mins. The proven concept was then successfully applied to the extraction of the anticancer drug doxorubicin from samples in liquid or dried form, including dried blood spot (DBS), human plasma and human serum samples. The practicability and reliability of the electrokinetic extraction process were evaluated using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify the desorption of extracted doxorubicin from the PIM sampling probe. Under optimised conditions, the new method provided good linearity over a concentration range of 0.2 to 20 ng/mL; additionally, quantification limits of 0.2 to 2 ng/mL were achieved for the three biological samples and the relative recoveries ranged from 82.7 to 113.8% for DBS, human plasma and human serum samples; good method reproducibility was also achieved, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.9 and 4.6%. The PIM sampling probe was further integrated into a portable battery-device for safe, lower-voltage (36 V) electrokinetic extraction. The correlation coefficients, r, for the two pairs of data were determined using the laboratory setup and the battery-powered device; values in the range of 0.9926 to 0.9996 were found, indicating an acceptable agreement. This new electrokinetic extraction approach represents a new opportunity for processing samples during sampling and transportation, saving time and reducing manual handling to produce more reliable test results efficiently. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101505/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101505/1/TeyHuiYinPFS2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149192 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Tey, Hui Yin Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
description	Sample preparation for the analysis of biological fluid samples posed significant challenges to the clinical laboratory. The current sample preparation practice involves multi-steps procedure that are time consuming and may lead to analytes lost. In this study, a low-cost, single-use sampling probe was introduced for electric field driven extraction. The sampling probe consists of a non-conductive glass capillary substrate, and a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) dip-coated on the glass capillary substrate. The probe features a user-friendly design that can electrically extract targeted analytes from biological fluid sample. The glass capillary, closed at one end, was dipped in a homogeneous membrane solution that consists of an optimum composition of cellulose triacetate (CTA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf2]), yielded a PIM with thickness of 30 μm on the sampling probe. The effects of dipping cycles (thickness), voltage applied, and sample pH on the extraction efficiency of the sampling probe were thoroughly investigated. The concept of electrokinetic extraction using the PIM sampling probe was first demonstrated on the cationic model analyte, Rhodamine 6G at 500 V for 60 mins. The proven concept was then successfully applied to the extraction of the anticancer drug doxorubicin from samples in liquid or dried form, including dried blood spot (DBS), human plasma and human serum samples. The practicability and reliability of the electrokinetic extraction process were evaluated using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify the desorption of extracted doxorubicin from the PIM sampling probe. Under optimised conditions, the new method provided good linearity over a concentration range of 0.2 to 20 ng/mL; additionally, quantification limits of 0.2 to 2 ng/mL were achieved for the three biological samples and the relative recoveries ranged from 82.7 to 113.8% for DBS, human plasma and human serum samples; good method reproducibility was also achieved, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.9 and 4.6%. The PIM sampling probe was further integrated into a portable battery-device for safe, lower-voltage (36 V) electrokinetic extraction. The correlation coefficients, r, for the two pairs of data were determined using the laboratory setup and the battery-powered device; values in the range of 0.9926 to 0.9996 were found, indicating an acceptable agreement. This new electrokinetic extraction approach represents a new opportunity for processing samples during sampling and transportation, saving time and reducing manual handling to produce more reliable test results efficiently.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Tey, Hui Yin
author_facet	Tey, Hui Yin
author_sort	Tey, Hui Yin
title	Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
title_short	Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
title_full	Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
title_fullStr	Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
title_full_unstemmed	Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
title_sort	polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101505/1/TeyHuiYinPFS2022.pdf
_version_	1776100713964765184

Polymer inclusion membrane sampling probe for electric field driven extraction of doxorubicin

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