Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production

Sugar synthesized from lignocellulosic biomass can potentially supplement the increasing demand of various applications in industries. Pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to the need to break the rigid and compact structure to produce sugar. In this study, pineapple waste (PW...

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Main Author:	Nordin, Norhafiza
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101591/1/NorhafizaNordinMSChe2022.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1015912023-06-26T06:51:34Z Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production 2022 Nordin, Norhafiza TP Chemical technology Sugar synthesized from lignocellulosic biomass can potentially supplement the increasing demand of various applications in industries. Pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to the need to break the rigid and compact structure to produce sugar. In this study, pineapple waste (PW) were subjected to a cascade pre-treatment of (i) low pressure steam heating (LPSH) and (ii) maleic acid (MA), which aims to improve delignification, increase enzyme accessibility to cellulose and hemicellulose in the PW while reducing the production of inhibitors. The best conditions for pressure (kPa), solid loading (% w/v) and time (min) of LPSH were screened. The resulting solid biomass from LPSH were proceeded to subsequent pre-treatment of MA and optimized by response surface methodology-based Box-Behnken design, where the influence of pre-treatment temperature, acid concentration and time were studied. A total of 68 % w/w delignification with high hemicellulose removal (79.5 %) were achieved while 77.6 % cellulose was retained in the solid residue after cascading both pre-treatments. No 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and acceptable amount of furfural (1.8 g/L) were detected in the hydrolysate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, with negligible amount of phenolic content (0.01 g/L) was observed. In comparison, the PW pre-treatment with combined LPSH and conventional sulphuric acid (H2SO4) produced 3.6 g/L of furfural and 0.4 g/L of 5-HMF, at similar optimized conditions. The pre-treated PW were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to elucidate structural morphology and functional group changes. The optimized cascade pre-treatments can provide up to 54.79 % of glucose yield and 69.23 % of xylose yield. Furthermore, 67.87 % reduction of lignin content from cascade pre-treatment can substantially enhance the glucose yield up to 95.76 % and xylose yield up to 99.07 % during enzymatic hydrolysis using the mixture of cellulase and hemicellulose. This study shows that the cascade pre-treatment of LPSH and MA can decompose the lignin structure of the biomass with a negligible amount of inhibitors and enhance the effectiveness of enzymatic treatment. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101591/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101591/1/NorhafizaNordinMSChe2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150702 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Nordin, Norhafiza Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
description	Sugar synthesized from lignocellulosic biomass can potentially supplement the increasing demand of various applications in industries. Pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is challenging due to the need to break the rigid and compact structure to produce sugar. In this study, pineapple waste (PW) were subjected to a cascade pre-treatment of (i) low pressure steam heating (LPSH) and (ii) maleic acid (MA), which aims to improve delignification, increase enzyme accessibility to cellulose and hemicellulose in the PW while reducing the production of inhibitors. The best conditions for pressure (kPa), solid loading (% w/v) and time (min) of LPSH were screened. The resulting solid biomass from LPSH were proceeded to subsequent pre-treatment of MA and optimized by response surface methodology-based Box-Behnken design, where the influence of pre-treatment temperature, acid concentration and time were studied. A total of 68 % w/w delignification with high hemicellulose removal (79.5 %) were achieved while 77.6 % cellulose was retained in the solid residue after cascading both pre-treatments. No 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and acceptable amount of furfural (1.8 g/L) were detected in the hydrolysate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, with negligible amount of phenolic content (0.01 g/L) was observed. In comparison, the PW pre-treatment with combined LPSH and conventional sulphuric acid (H2SO4) produced 3.6 g/L of furfural and 0.4 g/L of 5-HMF, at similar optimized conditions. The pre-treated PW were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to elucidate structural morphology and functional group changes. The optimized cascade pre-treatments can provide up to 54.79 % of glucose yield and 69.23 % of xylose yield. Furthermore, 67.87 % reduction of lignin content from cascade pre-treatment can substantially enhance the glucose yield up to 95.76 % and xylose yield up to 99.07 % during enzymatic hydrolysis using the mixture of cellulase and hemicellulose. This study shows that the cascade pre-treatment of LPSH and MA can decompose the lignin structure of the biomass with a negligible amount of inhibitors and enhance the effectiveness of enzymatic treatment.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nordin, Norhafiza
author_facet	Nordin, Norhafiza
author_sort	Nordin, Norhafiza
title	Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
title_short	Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
title_full	Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
title_fullStr	Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
title_sort	optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101591/1/NorhafizaNordinMSChe2022.pdf
_version_	1776100734285119488

Optimization of cascade low-pressure steam heating and organic acid pre-treatment on pineapple wastes for fermentable sugars production

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