Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver

The search for renewable resources and the development of bio-lubricants as a substitute for mineral oils are being considered as a top priority in the fuel and energy fields. Bio-lubricants derived from vegetable oils are an attractive alternative to conventional petroleum-based lubricants due to t...

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Main Author:	Dandan, Muhammad Arif
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101799/1/MuhammadArifDandanMSKM2019.pdf.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.101799
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1017992023-07-10T09:29:18Z Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver 2019 Dandan, Muhammad Arif TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery The search for renewable resources and the development of bio-lubricants as a substitute for mineral oils are being considered as a top priority in the fuel and energy fields. Bio-lubricants derived from vegetable oils are an attractive alternative to conventional petroleum-based lubricants due to their renewability, biodegradability, high lubricity and high flash point. Nevertheless, some types of vegetable oils have a few issues with regard to their low viscosity that limit their potential to be used as biolubricants in automotive applications. Thus, the present work featured a specific study on the application of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as a viscosity index improver (VII) additive inside vegetable oils. The lubrication performance of palm kernel methyl ester (PKME) with the added EVA copolymer was experimentally evaluated using a four-ball tribotester and modified pin-on-disc tester. Tests were performed with 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations of EVA copolymer at various loads, temperatures and sliding speeds. The results obtained were compared to the commercial mineral engine oil, SAE 40, for reference purposes. The present research revealed that the addition of 4% EVA copolymer managed to enhance the viscosity index of PKME by up to 61% of its original value. Based on the four-ball test, it was found that the PKME formulated with 4% EVA copolymer produced slightly better friction-reducing properties and smoother worn surfaces than SAE 40. Meanwhile, the results of the modified pin-on-disc test showed that the application of EVA copolymer successfully minimized the coefficient of friction (COF) of PKME and also enabled it to give a better performance than SAE 40. Thus, the reduction of frictional force by using this formulated bio-lubricant will contribute to the efficiency of internal combustion engine in the future. However, the anti-wear performance of PKME added with EVA copolymer is slightly lower than SAE 40. Therefore, further improvisation method should be taken in order to solve this issue. Finally, it is suggested that the EVA copolymer shows good potential as a VII for enhancing the tribological performance of vegetable oils. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101799/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101799/1/MuhammadArifDandanMSKM2019.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:148439 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Dandan, Muhammad Arif Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
description	The search for renewable resources and the development of bio-lubricants as a substitute for mineral oils are being considered as a top priority in the fuel and energy fields. Bio-lubricants derived from vegetable oils are an attractive alternative to conventional petroleum-based lubricants due to their renewability, biodegradability, high lubricity and high flash point. Nevertheless, some types of vegetable oils have a few issues with regard to their low viscosity that limit their potential to be used as biolubricants in automotive applications. Thus, the present work featured a specific study on the application of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as a viscosity index improver (VII) additive inside vegetable oils. The lubrication performance of palm kernel methyl ester (PKME) with the added EVA copolymer was experimentally evaluated using a four-ball tribotester and modified pin-on-disc tester. Tests were performed with 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations of EVA copolymer at various loads, temperatures and sliding speeds. The results obtained were compared to the commercial mineral engine oil, SAE 40, for reference purposes. The present research revealed that the addition of 4% EVA copolymer managed to enhance the viscosity index of PKME by up to 61% of its original value. Based on the four-ball test, it was found that the PKME formulated with 4% EVA copolymer produced slightly better friction-reducing properties and smoother worn surfaces than SAE 40. Meanwhile, the results of the modified pin-on-disc test showed that the application of EVA copolymer successfully minimized the coefficient of friction (COF) of PKME and also enabled it to give a better performance than SAE 40. Thus, the reduction of frictional force by using this formulated bio-lubricant will contribute to the efficiency of internal combustion engine in the future. However, the anti-wear performance of PKME added with EVA copolymer is slightly lower than SAE 40. Therefore, further improvisation method should be taken in order to solve this issue. Finally, it is suggested that the EVA copolymer shows good potential as a VII for enhancing the tribological performance of vegetable oils.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Dandan, Muhammad Arif
author_facet	Dandan, Muhammad Arif
author_sort	Dandan, Muhammad Arif
title	Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
title_short	Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
title_full	Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
title_fullStr	Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
title_full_unstemmed	Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
title_sort	friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101799/1/MuhammadArifDandanMSKM2019.pdf.pdf
_version_	1776100774360645632

Friction and wear analysis of palm kernel methyl ester containing a polymeric viscosity index improver

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