Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst

Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst

Levulinic acid has received significant attention as a platform chemical for synthesizing a broad range of bio-based fuels. In this study, a series of hydrogen form of Y zeolite (HY-zeolite) supported ionic liquid (HY-IL) catalysts: HY-IL-1. HY-IL-2 and HY-IL-3 were synthesized, characterized and ex...

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Main Author: Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2021
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TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101902/1/MuhammadAnifPhDSChE2021.pdf.pdf
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spelling my-utm-ep.1019022023-07-22T03:22:52Z Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst 2021 Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif TP Chemical technology Levulinic acid has received significant attention as a platform chemical for synthesizing a broad range of bio-based fuels. In this study, a series of hydrogen form of Y zeolite (HY-zeolite) supported ionic liquid (HY-IL) catalysts: HY-IL-1. HY-IL-2 and HY-IL-3 were synthesized, characterized and explored for catalytic conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. The synthesized ionic liquid, 1,4-methylsulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate was characterized using elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the HY-IL catalysts and the parent HY zeolite were characterized using x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and infrared pyridine to determine the catalyst properties. The experimental result revealed that HY-IL-2 exhibited the highest catalytic performance with 62.2 % of levulinic acid yield from reaction conducted at 180 °C for 6 h using 0.4 g of catalyst and 0.5 wt% of glucose concentration. High surface area, high concentration of acid sites and low Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio of HY-IL-2 were the reason for the high levulinic acid production from glucose. The optimization study of levulinic acid production from glucose and cellulose was conducted using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. At optimum condition, 60.6% and 27.2% of levulinic acid yields were obtained from glucose and cellulose, respectively. Meanwhile, when the testing was done on the biomass, oil palm frond (OPF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB), 21.0% and 22.4% of levulinic acid yield were obtained respectively at reaction temperature of 170 °C, reaction time of 4 h, 0.6 g of HY-IL-2 and 0.4 wt% of feedstock concentration. The process efficiency for OPF and EFB for levulinic acid production was 65.4% and 77.0%, respectively. Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid was derived using the first-order model pseudo-homogeneous. The study was done at various temperature and time ranges of 120–200 °C and 1–6 h, respectively. The kinetic model consists of 4 key steps: 1) glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 2) glucose degradation to produce humin, 3) 5-HMF rehydration to produce levulinic acid, and 4) 5-HMF degradation to form humin. The kinetic study revealed that the reaction rate for every step increased with the increase of the temperature. The activation energy for glucose conversion to 5-HMF and 5-HMF conversion to levulinic acid was 36.1 and 26.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy obtained was lower and comparable with the previous catalysts employed for glucose conversion to levulinic acid. The finding of this study demonstrated the potential of zeolite-supported ionic liquid as a catalyst for biomass transformation to platform chemicals under mild process conditions. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101902/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101902/1/MuhammadAnifPhDSChE2021.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:145688 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection UTM Institutional Repository
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif
Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
description Levulinic acid has received significant attention as a platform chemical for synthesizing a broad range of bio-based fuels. In this study, a series of hydrogen form of Y zeolite (HY-zeolite) supported ionic liquid (HY-IL) catalysts: HY-IL-1. HY-IL-2 and HY-IL-3 were synthesized, characterized and explored for catalytic conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. The synthesized ionic liquid, 1,4-methylsulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate was characterized using elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the HY-IL catalysts and the parent HY zeolite were characterized using x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and infrared pyridine to determine the catalyst properties. The experimental result revealed that HY-IL-2 exhibited the highest catalytic performance with 62.2 % of levulinic acid yield from reaction conducted at 180 °C for 6 h using 0.4 g of catalyst and 0.5 wt% of glucose concentration. High surface area, high concentration of acid sites and low Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio of HY-IL-2 were the reason for the high levulinic acid production from glucose. The optimization study of levulinic acid production from glucose and cellulose was conducted using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design. At optimum condition, 60.6% and 27.2% of levulinic acid yields were obtained from glucose and cellulose, respectively. Meanwhile, when the testing was done on the biomass, oil palm frond (OPF) and empty fruit bunch (EFB), 21.0% and 22.4% of levulinic acid yield were obtained respectively at reaction temperature of 170 °C, reaction time of 4 h, 0.6 g of HY-IL-2 and 0.4 wt% of feedstock concentration. The process efficiency for OPF and EFB for levulinic acid production was 65.4% and 77.0%, respectively. Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid was derived using the first-order model pseudo-homogeneous. The study was done at various temperature and time ranges of 120–200 °C and 1–6 h, respectively. The kinetic model consists of 4 key steps: 1) glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 2) glucose degradation to produce humin, 3) 5-HMF rehydration to produce levulinic acid, and 4) 5-HMF degradation to form humin. The kinetic study revealed that the reaction rate for every step increased with the increase of the temperature. The activation energy for glucose conversion to 5-HMF and 5-HMF conversion to levulinic acid was 36.1 and 26.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy obtained was lower and comparable with the previous catalysts employed for glucose conversion to levulinic acid. The finding of this study demonstrated the potential of zeolite-supported ionic liquid as a catalyst for biomass transformation to platform chemicals under mild process conditions.
format Thesis
qualification_name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level Doctorate
author Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif
author_facet Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif
author_sort Abu Zarin, Muhammad Anif
title Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
title_short Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
title_full Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
title_fullStr Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
title_sort hydrolysis of biomass to levulinic acid over hy-zeolite supported ionic liquid catalyst
granting_institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate 2021
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101902/1/MuhammadAnifPhDSChE2021.pdf.pdf
_version_ 1776100799083970560

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