Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the established techniques in food adulteration analysis. The issue of halal authenticity of food and pharmaceutical products has become a concern among Muslims due to fraud and unknown sources of ingredients. The most common non-halal ingredi...

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Main Author:	Hassan, Nurfarhana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101944/1/NurfarhanaHassanPFS2021.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1019442023-07-25T09:43:05Z Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin 2021 Hassan, Nurfarhana QD Chemistry Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the established techniques in food adulteration analysis. The issue of halal authenticity of food and pharmaceutical products has become a concern among Muslims due to fraud and unknown sources of ingredients. The most common non-halal ingredient found in some food and pharmaceuticals products is porcine gelatin. In addition, there are other sources of gelatin such as bovine and fish. Fuzzy autocatalytic set (FACS) is a concept that incorporates fuzziness and autocatalytic set. The study related to the characteristics and uses of FACS method is progressing significantly, especially in the area of chemical engineering and also signal and network analysis. However, in this research, FACS is implemented on FTIR spectra of bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins since their spectra exhibit very similar patterns and thus further analysis is required to differentiate them. The spectra of the gelatin are analyzed using a new developed chemometrics technique, namely chemometrics FACS (c-FACS). Several definitions and theorems are introduced to furnish the c-FACS technique. A coded algorithm called Multisystem Dynamic Identification of Gelatin Sources is built for the technique. The algorithm is executed on the gelatins’ spectra. The results showed that each gelatin has a unique range signature of wavenumbers and porcine gelatin particularly showed distinct pattern compared to others. The efficiency and the rigorousness of the c-FACS are established when compared to the principal component analysis (PCA) method. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101944/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101944/1/NurfarhanaHassanPFS2021.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:146049 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Hassan, Nurfarhana Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
description	Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the established techniques in food adulteration analysis. The issue of halal authenticity of food and pharmaceutical products has become a concern among Muslims due to fraud and unknown sources of ingredients. The most common non-halal ingredient found in some food and pharmaceuticals products is porcine gelatin. In addition, there are other sources of gelatin such as bovine and fish. Fuzzy autocatalytic set (FACS) is a concept that incorporates fuzziness and autocatalytic set. The study related to the characteristics and uses of FACS method is progressing significantly, especially in the area of chemical engineering and also signal and network analysis. However, in this research, FACS is implemented on FTIR spectra of bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins since their spectra exhibit very similar patterns and thus further analysis is required to differentiate them. The spectra of the gelatin are analyzed using a new developed chemometrics technique, namely chemometrics FACS (c-FACS). Several definitions and theorems are introduced to furnish the c-FACS technique. A coded algorithm called Multisystem Dynamic Identification of Gelatin Sources is built for the technique. The algorithm is executed on the gelatins’ spectra. The results showed that each gelatin has a unique range signature of wavenumbers and porcine gelatin particularly showed distinct pattern compared to others. The efficiency and the rigorousness of the c-FACS are established when compared to the principal component analysis (PCA) method.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Hassan, Nurfarhana
author_facet	Hassan, Nurfarhana
author_sort	Hassan, Nurfarhana
title	Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
title_short	Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
title_full	Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
title_fullStr	Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
title_full_unstemmed	Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
title_sort	chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101944/1/NurfarhanaHassanPFS2021.pdf
_version_	1776100809213214720

Chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set method for halal authentication of gelatin

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