Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis

Aside from the low-flux issue, biocompatibility of hemodialysis membrane is another leading cause of mortality among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to increased oxidative stress and thrombus formation that led to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hence, the main objective of this study is t...

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Main Author:	Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101946/1/MuhamadZulhilmiZailaniPSChE2022.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1019462023-07-25T09:44:18Z Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis 2022 Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi TP Chemical technology Aside from the low-flux issue, biocompatibility of hemodialysis membrane is another leading cause of mortality among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to increased oxidative stress and thrombus formation that led to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hence, the main objective of this study is to develop an antioxidant and antithrombotic polysulfone (PSF) based hollow fibre membrane (HFM) for effective uremic toxins removal. A hydrophilic chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) was first synthesized via ionic gelation method. Using diallyl disulfide (DADS), a novel CNP/DADS complex was formed through simple complexation steps with ionic gelation method. The formation of the nanoparticle complex was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis. An antioxidant, biocompatibility and antithrombotic properties were conducted, where the effect of DADS addition was evaluated. Both CNP and CNP/DADS showed antioxidant activity where the scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) was superior in 1.0 mg/ml CNP/DADS with 29.4% and 32.8%, respectively. CNP/DADS showed a low hemolysis rate of <1% and complement the C3a and C5a activation that demonstrated its biocompatibility. The prolonged APTT and PT with no observation of platelet aggregation as compared to CNP also demonstrated the CNP/DADS antithrombotic properties. In the next step, 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of CNP and CNP/DADS were immobilized into PSF. The HFM were spun with different spinning air-gap. The result showed that PSF HFM with 0.3 wt.% CNP spun at 50 cm air-gap produced the highest KUF of 116 ml/m2.h.mmHg, 95.7% BSA rejection and 85% of urea, creatinine 66%, and lysozyme 43% clearance. The promising results were due to the increased in hydrophilicity and improved morphological structure of the membrane with higher porosity and thinner membrane skin layer. At a higher CNP concentration of 0.5 wt. %, the KUF value of HFM dropped by 23% which was affected by a thicker outer skin layer and lower porosity. Compared to CNP immobilized PSF HFM, CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM showed a reduction in KUF value due to poorly dispersed agglomerated nanoparticles that created denser HFM morphological structure. Nevertheless, the membrane performances still meet the high-flux standards. The CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility by exhibiting a lower hemolysis rate of <1%, lower protein adsorption and platelet adhesion and induced less complement C3a and C5a activation. It also significantly (P<0.001) prolonged APTT and PT test value which indicated the enhancement of antithrombotic properties. The CNP/DADS also promoted higher antioxidant properties for PSF HFM compared to CNP. The CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM displayed higher antioxidant activity against nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, by having scavenged percentages of 26.7% and 20.6%, respectively, compared to CNP with 4.1% and 2.7%. The findings of this study evidenced that PSF HFM with excellent antioxidant and antithrombotic properties has been successfully developed. The membrane can be potentially used for the safe and effective removal of uremic toxins in hemodialysis. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101946/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101946/1/MuhamadZulhilmiZailaniPSChE2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149056 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
description	Aside from the low-flux issue, biocompatibility of hemodialysis membrane is another leading cause of mortality among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to increased oxidative stress and thrombus formation that led to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hence, the main objective of this study is to develop an antioxidant and antithrombotic polysulfone (PSF) based hollow fibre membrane (HFM) for effective uremic toxins removal. A hydrophilic chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) was first synthesized via ionic gelation method. Using diallyl disulfide (DADS), a novel CNP/DADS complex was formed through simple complexation steps with ionic gelation method. The formation of the nanoparticle complex was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–Vis. An antioxidant, biocompatibility and antithrombotic properties were conducted, where the effect of DADS addition was evaluated. Both CNP and CNP/DADS showed antioxidant activity where the scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) was superior in 1.0 mg/ml CNP/DADS with 29.4% and 32.8%, respectively. CNP/DADS showed a low hemolysis rate of <1% and complement the C3a and C5a activation that demonstrated its biocompatibility. The prolonged APTT and PT with no observation of platelet aggregation as compared to CNP also demonstrated the CNP/DADS antithrombotic properties. In the next step, 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of CNP and CNP/DADS were immobilized into PSF. The HFM were spun with different spinning air-gap. The result showed that PSF HFM with 0.3 wt.% CNP spun at 50 cm air-gap produced the highest KUF of 116 ml/m2.h.mmHg, 95.7% BSA rejection and 85% of urea, creatinine 66%, and lysozyme 43% clearance. The promising results were due to the increased in hydrophilicity and improved morphological structure of the membrane with higher porosity and thinner membrane skin layer. At a higher CNP concentration of 0.5 wt. %, the KUF value of HFM dropped by 23% which was affected by a thicker outer skin layer and lower porosity. Compared to CNP immobilized PSF HFM, CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM showed a reduction in KUF value due to poorly dispersed agglomerated nanoparticles that created denser HFM morphological structure. Nevertheless, the membrane performances still meet the high-flux standards. The CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility by exhibiting a lower hemolysis rate of <1%, lower protein adsorption and platelet adhesion and induced less complement C3a and C5a activation. It also significantly (P<0.001) prolonged APTT and PT test value which indicated the enhancement of antithrombotic properties. The CNP/DADS also promoted higher antioxidant properties for PSF HFM compared to CNP. The CNP/DADS immobilized PSF HFM displayed higher antioxidant activity against nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, by having scavenged percentages of 26.7% and 20.6%, respectively, compared to CNP with 4.1% and 2.7%. The findings of this study evidenced that PSF HFM with excellent antioxidant and antithrombotic properties has been successfully developed. The membrane can be potentially used for the safe and effective removal of uremic toxins in hemodialysis.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi
author_facet	Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi
author_sort	Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi
title	Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
title_short	Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
title_full	Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
title_fullStr	Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
title_sort	chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101946/1/MuhamadZulhilmiZailaniPSChE2022.pdf
_version_	1776100809694511104

Chitosan nanoparticle diallyl disulfide complex immobilized polysulfone hollow fibre membrane performance for hemodialysis

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