Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

This thesis describes the preparation of a series of Schiff base ligands, N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol [L1], N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole [L2], and N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine [L3] and their corresponding copper(II) complexes; N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol copper(II) acetate [C1],...

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Main Author:	Garba, Hassan Wafi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102074/1/HassanWafiGarbaMFS2021.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1020742023-07-31T07:49:32Z Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol 2021 Garba, Hassan Wafi QD Chemistry This thesis describes the preparation of a series of Schiff base ligands, N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol [L1], N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole [L2], and N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine [L3] and their corresponding copper(II) complexes; N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol copper(II) acetate [C1], N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate [C2] and N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine copper(II) acetate [C3]. The synthesized ligands and their copper(II) complexes were characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of the synthesized copper(II) complexes were evaluated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride which acts as reducing agent. The progress of reaction was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy and the percentage conversion was determined from the spectroscopy data. The results showed that N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine copper(II) acetate [C3] has the highest catalytic activities with 97.5% conversion, followed by N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate[C2] complex with 95.2% conversion, then N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate [C1] complex with 90.8% conversion in the order C3>C2>C1. The rate of reaction for the reductions of 4-NP catalyst by copper(II) complexes shows that C3 complex is faster than C2 and C1 complex. The optimization of the catalyst amount shows that 1.0 mg of the catalyst dose was the most optimized amount with the highest conversion of 94.6% than other dose of 0.5 mg (92.4%) and 1.5 mg (91.4%). Recyclability and reproducibility tests of copper(II) complexes confirmed that all the three complexes were active, efficient and possess excellent reproducibility with consistent catalytic performances and could be re-used again without major decrease in the catalytic activities. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102074/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102074/1/HassanWafiGarbaMFS2021.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:146357 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Garba, Hassan Wafi Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
description	This thesis describes the preparation of a series of Schiff base ligands, N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol [L1], N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole [L2], and N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine [L3] and their corresponding copper(II) complexes; N’-salicylidene-2-aminophenol copper(II) acetate [C1], N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate [C2] and N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine copper(II) acetate [C3]. The synthesized ligands and their copper(II) complexes were characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of the synthesized copper(II) complexes were evaluated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride which acts as reducing agent. The progress of reaction was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy and the percentage conversion was determined from the spectroscopy data. The results showed that N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine copper(II) acetate [C3] has the highest catalytic activities with 97.5% conversion, followed by N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate[C2] complex with 95.2% conversion, then N’-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole copper(II) acetate [C1] complex with 90.8% conversion in the order C3>C2>C1. The rate of reaction for the reductions of 4-NP catalyst by copper(II) complexes shows that C3 complex is faster than C2 and C1 complex. The optimization of the catalyst amount shows that 1.0 mg of the catalyst dose was the most optimized amount with the highest conversion of 94.6% than other dose of 0.5 mg (92.4%) and 1.5 mg (91.4%). Recyclability and reproducibility tests of copper(II) complexes confirmed that all the three complexes were active, efficient and possess excellent reproducibility with consistent catalytic performances and could be re-used again without major decrease in the catalytic activities.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Garba, Hassan Wafi
author_facet	Garba, Hassan Wafi
author_sort	Garba, Hassan Wafi
title	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
title_short	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
title_full	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
title_fullStr	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
title_sort	synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (ii) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102074/1/HassanWafiGarbaMFS2021.pdf
_version_	1776100839548518400

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of copper (II) complexes containing schiff base ligand in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

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