Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials

The loss of injected surfactants in the oil reservoir during a surfactant flooding due to adsorption onto the rock surface weighs heavily on economics. Surfactant adsorption weakens the efficiency for the oil-water interfacial tension reduction. Several factors that influence the surfactant adsorpti...

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Main Author:	Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102240/1/AzadAnugerahPhdSChE2021.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1022402023-08-13T06:12:30Z Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials 2021 Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah TP Chemical technology The loss of injected surfactants in the oil reservoir during a surfactant flooding due to adsorption onto the rock surface weighs heavily on economics. Surfactant adsorption weakens the efficiency for the oil-water interfacial tension reduction. Several factors that influence the surfactant adsorption have been investigated, including the effect of temperature, as well as the concentration and charge of the surfactants. However, the impact of rock surface charge and zeta potential on surfactant adsorption has remained uncertain. This is because the surface charge development of the rock is complex depending on the effect of rock mineralogy, pH, brine salinity, and ionic strength of the ions present. This project aimed to develop an improved understanding of these effects on the rock surface charge and its contribution to the surfactant adsorption. These objectives were achieved through detailed laboratory measurement of surface charge density and zeta potential of silica and kaolinite by electrophoretic light scattering at different pH, brine salinities, and ionic strength. There were three different surfactant types used: anionic, zwitterionic, and non-ionic, which are represented by sodium dodecyl sulphate, coco betaine, and triton X-100, respectively, to investigate their adsorption on the surface of silica and kaolinite. The mineral characterization study shows that SiO2 and Al2O3 were dominant chemical compound in both silica and kaolinite, which reflect their surface charge. The experimental work demonstrates that silica has a negative surface charge for pH exceeding 4.4 at all NaCl concentrations from 0.01M to 1M. However, in CaCl2 solutions, the negative surface charge of silica turns to a positive charge at 0.1M for pH exceeding 8.7 and becomes more positively charged at a concentration of 1M. Different surface charge behavior was observed for kaolinite, which it is negatively charged at all NaCl concentrations from 0.01M to 1M. Moreover, both negative and positive charges were observed in CaCl2 solutions. At pH of less than 10.8, the kaolinite surface indicates a negative charge at both concentrations of 0.01M and 0.1M. The positive charge of kaolinite was observed at a concentration of 1M with pH exceeding 4.4. These results indicate that pH, salt concentration (salinities), and salt types (ionic strength) have a major influence on the surface charge behavior of silica and kaolinite. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102240/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102240/1/AzadAnugerahPhdSChE2021.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:145541 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
description	The loss of injected surfactants in the oil reservoir during a surfactant flooding due to adsorption onto the rock surface weighs heavily on economics. Surfactant adsorption weakens the efficiency for the oil-water interfacial tension reduction. Several factors that influence the surfactant adsorption have been investigated, including the effect of temperature, as well as the concentration and charge of the surfactants. However, the impact of rock surface charge and zeta potential on surfactant adsorption has remained uncertain. This is because the surface charge development of the rock is complex depending on the effect of rock mineralogy, pH, brine salinity, and ionic strength of the ions present. This project aimed to develop an improved understanding of these effects on the rock surface charge and its contribution to the surfactant adsorption. These objectives were achieved through detailed laboratory measurement of surface charge density and zeta potential of silica and kaolinite by electrophoretic light scattering at different pH, brine salinities, and ionic strength. There were three different surfactant types used: anionic, zwitterionic, and non-ionic, which are represented by sodium dodecyl sulphate, coco betaine, and triton X-100, respectively, to investigate their adsorption on the surface of silica and kaolinite. The mineral characterization study shows that SiO2 and Al2O3 were dominant chemical compound in both silica and kaolinite, which reflect their surface charge. The experimental work demonstrates that silica has a negative surface charge for pH exceeding 4.4 at all NaCl concentrations from 0.01M to 1M. However, in CaCl2 solutions, the negative surface charge of silica turns to a positive charge at 0.1M for pH exceeding 8.7 and becomes more positively charged at a concentration of 1M. Different surface charge behavior was observed for kaolinite, which it is negatively charged at all NaCl concentrations from 0.01M to 1M. Moreover, both negative and positive charges were observed in CaCl2 solutions. At pH of less than 10.8, the kaolinite surface indicates a negative charge at both concentrations of 0.01M and 0.1M. The positive charge of kaolinite was observed at a concentration of 1M with pH exceeding 4.4. These results indicate that pH, salt concentration (salinities), and salt types (ionic strength) have a major influence on the surface charge behavior of silica and kaolinite.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah
author_facet	Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah
author_sort	Ali Rasol, Azad Anugerah
title	Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
title_short	Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
title_full	Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
title_fullStr	Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
title_sort	effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102240/1/AzadAnugerahPhdSChE2021.pdf
_version_	1776100876671254528

Effect of formation water and surfactant characteristics on reservoir rock surface charges and their zeta potentials

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