Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt

Although electrocardiography (ECG) t-shirts have some advantages, obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the captured ECG signal as high as traditional ECGs remains challenging. Reducing the number of electrodes by employing limited-lead systems has been an approach to minimize artifacts. Howe...

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Main Author:	Mulyadi, Indra Hardian
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102290/1/IndraHardianMulyadiPSBME2021.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1022902023-08-17T00:34:58Z Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt 2021 Mulyadi, Indra Hardian TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Although electrocardiography (ECG) t-shirts have some advantages, obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the captured ECG signal as high as traditional ECGs remains challenging. Reducing the number of electrodes by employing limited-lead systems has been an approach to minimize artifacts. However, the accuracy and correlation of the derived 12-lead ECG remain a problem. Electrode placement for ECG t-shirts should consider two aspects to maximize the SNR including the electrophysiological and practical aspects. These aspects should be quantified for computing purposes. Unfortunately, the existing studies have not quantified the practical aspects. Additionally, the previous research formulated them in a single objective function for optimization, whereas both aspects are independent. This study is aimed to maximize the SNR of ECG t-shirts using limited-lead systems by trading-off between the two aspects. It has three objectives: to improve accuracy and correlation of the synthesized 12-lead ECG by segmenting the ECG waveform, to quantify some factors in electrode placement (including ECG signal amplitude, skin-shirt gap, relative shirt movement, and regional sweat rate) for optimization purposes, and to improve SNR by compromising electrophysiological and practical aspects in the electrode placement. In this study, one cycle of ECG is divided into three segments: P, QRS, and ST. Each segment is transformed to obtain a derived 12-lead ECG signal. This proposed segment-specific (SS) approach is then compared to conventional full-cycle (FC) by using six existing methods: Dower's method with generic coefficients, Dower's method with individual (patient-specific) coefficients, linear regression (LR), 2nd-degree polynomial regression (PR), 3rd-degree PR, and artificial neural network (ANN). Simulations using 3DS Max® and MATLAB® were carried out to quantify the ECG signal amplitude, skin-shirt gap, relative shirt movement, and regional sweat rate into variables in the range of [0,1], called satisfaction degrees. These variables represent the likelihood of the placement of electrodes. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is employed to find the optimal electrode placement, i.e., high SNR, by compromising electrophysiological and practical aspects. As a result, the new SS approach outperformed the conventional method (FC). It has significantly reduced the transformation error up to 30.94% and improved the transformation correlation as high as 4.89%. The simulations have successfully quantified the electrophysiological and practical aspects of electrode placement into satisfaction degrees. The MOO yielded Pareto optimal solutions to assist decision-makers in selecting the final solution subjectively. Based on the experiment results, this new approach improved the SNR as high as 29.44%. This study provides a comprehensive method for determining the location of the electrodes to support ECG t-shirt manufacturers. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102290/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102290/1/IndraHardianMulyadiPSBME2021.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149073 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering Mulyadi, Indra Hardian Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
description	Although electrocardiography (ECG) t-shirts have some advantages, obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the captured ECG signal as high as traditional ECGs remains challenging. Reducing the number of electrodes by employing limited-lead systems has been an approach to minimize artifacts. However, the accuracy and correlation of the derived 12-lead ECG remain a problem. Electrode placement for ECG t-shirts should consider two aspects to maximize the SNR including the electrophysiological and practical aspects. These aspects should be quantified for computing purposes. Unfortunately, the existing studies have not quantified the practical aspects. Additionally, the previous research formulated them in a single objective function for optimization, whereas both aspects are independent. This study is aimed to maximize the SNR of ECG t-shirts using limited-lead systems by trading-off between the two aspects. It has three objectives: to improve accuracy and correlation of the synthesized 12-lead ECG by segmenting the ECG waveform, to quantify some factors in electrode placement (including ECG signal amplitude, skin-shirt gap, relative shirt movement, and regional sweat rate) for optimization purposes, and to improve SNR by compromising electrophysiological and practical aspects in the electrode placement. In this study, one cycle of ECG is divided into three segments: P, QRS, and ST. Each segment is transformed to obtain a derived 12-lead ECG signal. This proposed segment-specific (SS) approach is then compared to conventional full-cycle (FC) by using six existing methods: Dower's method with generic coefficients, Dower's method with individual (patient-specific) coefficients, linear regression (LR), 2nd-degree polynomial regression (PR), 3rd-degree PR, and artificial neural network (ANN). Simulations using 3DS Max® and MATLAB® were carried out to quantify the ECG signal amplitude, skin-shirt gap, relative shirt movement, and regional sweat rate into variables in the range of [0,1], called satisfaction degrees. These variables represent the likelihood of the placement of electrodes. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is employed to find the optimal electrode placement, i.e., high SNR, by compromising electrophysiological and practical aspects. As a result, the new SS approach outperformed the conventional method (FC). It has significantly reduced the transformation error up to 30.94% and improved the transformation correlation as high as 4.89%. The simulations have successfully quantified the electrophysiological and practical aspects of electrode placement into satisfaction degrees. The MOO yielded Pareto optimal solutions to assist decision-makers in selecting the final solution subjectively. Based on the experiment results, this new approach improved the SNR as high as 29.44%. This study provides a comprehensive method for determining the location of the electrodes to support ECG t-shirt manufacturers.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mulyadi, Indra Hardian
author_facet	Mulyadi, Indra Hardian
author_sort	Mulyadi, Indra Hardian
title	Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
title_short	Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
title_full	Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
title_fullStr	Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
title_full_unstemmed	Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
title_sort	electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102290/1/IndraHardianMulyadiPSBME2021.pdf
_version_	1776100888610340864

Electrode placement based on multiobjective optimization for electrocardiography t-shirt

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