Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus

Ananas comosus generally known as pineapple is one of Malaysia’s commodity and commercially cultivated across various region in Malaysia. A high-quality pineapple is valued from both its internal and external quality attributes. The standard postharvest practice and storage by refrigeration is recom...

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Main Author:	Dolhaji, Noer Hartini
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102356/1/NoerHartiniDolhajiPSChE2020.pdf.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1023562023-08-17T01:17:28Z Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus 2020 Dolhaji, Noer Hartini TP Chemical technology Ananas comosus generally known as pineapple is one of Malaysia’s commodity and commercially cultivated across various region in Malaysia. A high-quality pineapple is valued from both its internal and external quality attributes. The standard postharvest practice and storage by refrigeration is recommended for perishable commodities which includes pineapple. However, cold storage causes physical and chemical deterioration known as chilling injury (CI). Although certain pineapple cultivar had been genetically developed with resistance toward CI, the findings of this study showed that CI affected quality attributes of all cultivars tested i.e. Morris (Queen), Josapine (hybrid of Spanish and Smooth Cayeen) and MD-2(hybrid of Smooth Cayeen), regardless of their genetic makeup. Therefore, thisresearch aims to develop a stable and edible microemulsion loaded with calciumchloride and clove essential oil which objectively to minimize the CI and maintain thequality attributes of pineapple both chemically and physically. An optimizedmicroemulsion formulation with particle size of 203.22 nm, zeta potential (?- potential)of +3.65 mV and emulsion stability index (ESI) of 24.1 was obtained by applying0.01% w/w whey protein isolate, 0.13% w/w carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 4.96. Thisoptimized condition and formulation was obtained via response surface methodology.Characterization of optimum microemulsion was conducted morphologically andphysically, and a stable microemulsion was observed for 30 days in response of sizeparticle, ?-potential and ESI. In overall, microemulsion coating performance resultssuggest that this coating significantly improved most of the quality attributes,antioxidant activity and storage capacity of the pineapples up to 30 days of storage at4 ± 2 °C. Coated pineapples sustained up to 21 days with minimum effects of CI ascompared to control which only capable to tolerate up to 7 days. A significant decreasein calcium content was found based on soluble calcium content and stained calciumlocalization qualitatively proven the occurrence of CI. The orthogonal testing tosupport this finding was by GC-MS primary metabolite analysis, in which coatedpineapple showed greater shifts in metabolism by presence of distinctive amino acidsand significant higher level of organic acids, soluble sugar and soluble alcohol asindicator of response to chilling stress and adaptive mechanisms. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102356/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102356/1/NoerHartiniDolhajiPSChE2020.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149298 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Dolhaji, Noer Hartini Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
description	Ananas comosus generally known as pineapple is one of Malaysia’s commodity and commercially cultivated across various region in Malaysia. A high-quality pineapple is valued from both its internal and external quality attributes. The standard postharvest practice and storage by refrigeration is recommended for perishable commodities which includes pineapple. However, cold storage causes physical and chemical deterioration known as chilling injury (CI). Although certain pineapple cultivar had been genetically developed with resistance toward CI, the findings of this study showed that CI affected quality attributes of all cultivars tested i.e. Morris (Queen), Josapine (hybrid of Spanish and Smooth Cayeen) and MD-2(hybrid of Smooth Cayeen), regardless of their genetic makeup. Therefore, thisresearch aims to develop a stable and edible microemulsion loaded with calciumchloride and clove essential oil which objectively to minimize the CI and maintain thequality attributes of pineapple both chemically and physically. An optimizedmicroemulsion formulation with particle size of 203.22 nm, zeta potential (?- potential)of +3.65 mV and emulsion stability index (ESI) of 24.1 was obtained by applying0.01% w/w whey protein isolate, 0.13% w/w carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 4.96. Thisoptimized condition and formulation was obtained via response surface methodology.Characterization of optimum microemulsion was conducted morphologically andphysically, and a stable microemulsion was observed for 30 days in response of sizeparticle, ?-potential and ESI. In overall, microemulsion coating performance resultssuggest that this coating significantly improved most of the quality attributes,antioxidant activity and storage capacity of the pineapples up to 30 days of storage at4 ± 2 °C. Coated pineapples sustained up to 21 days with minimum effects of CI ascompared to control which only capable to tolerate up to 7 days. A significant decreasein calcium content was found based on soluble calcium content and stained calciumlocalization qualitatively proven the occurrence of CI. The orthogonal testing tosupport this finding was by GC-MS primary metabolite analysis, in which coatedpineapple showed greater shifts in metabolism by presence of distinctive amino acidsand significant higher level of organic acids, soluble sugar and soluble alcohol asindicator of response to chilling stress and adaptive mechanisms.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Dolhaji, Noer Hartini
author_facet	Dolhaji, Noer Hartini
author_sort	Dolhaji, Noer Hartini
title	Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
title_short	Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
title_full	Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
title_fullStr	Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
title_full_unstemmed	Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
title_sort	microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102356/1/NoerHartiniDolhajiPSChE2020.pdf.pdf
_version_	1776100903877607424

Microemulsion based coatings with calcium and antioxidant for reducing chilling injury of ananas comosus

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