Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from marine transport have become one of the critical issues to the entire world community and one of the main contributors that contribute to global warming and air pollution. The ocean is known sequestrating CO2 more and faster than the forest. Methodology to Estimat...

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Main Author:	Razali, Mohammad Rashidi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102442/1/MohammadRashidiRazaliPSKM2021.pdf.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.102442
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1024422023-08-28T06:39:17Z Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship 2021 Razali, Mohammad Rashidi TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from marine transport have become one of the critical issues to the entire world community and one of the main contributors that contribute to global warming and air pollution. The ocean is known sequestrating CO2 more and faster than the forest. Methodology to Estimate Air Pollutions Emission (MEET) and Gaussian Model has been used to estimate the CO2 emission and its distribution from marine transport. However, this model does not include natural CO2 sinking rate in the air as a factor. The objective of this study was to propose a modified method to predict the CO2 emission and sinking rate emitted from marine transport and subsequently to prove that the CO2 will be sank naturally in the air via an airtight experiment. A ship database was developed from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. By using MEET methodology, the CO2 emission rate can be determined and modified Gaussian Model can be used to estimate the CO2 distribution. A modified method was tested by conducting a controlled experiment with an airtight PVC pipe to find an accurate CO2 sinking rate. The experimental results showed that a significant rate of CO2 sank naturally within a time period at sinking rates of 0.481ppm/s, 0.379ppm/s, and 0.25ppm/s at the distances of 5cm, 100cm, and 200cm. The time durations from the CO2 started to sink and the height of the CO2 sinking were varied in the modified method from the Gaussian model. In the first phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 32 seconds to sink at a distances of 5cm from the top of the PVC pipe. While in the second phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 651 seconds to sink at a distance of 100cm from the top of the PVC pipe. Lastly, in the third phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 1301 seconds to sink at a distance of 200cm from the top of the PVC pipe. The rate of CO2 sink can be calculated where the CO2 was constantly sunk at a rate of 0.15cm/s or 0.0015m/s. In conclusion, the modified method is able to determine a more accurate of CO2 emission and its distribution from ship transport after integrating the CO2 sinking factor into the existing Gaussian Model equation. From the result, it also can be concluded that the CO2 can sink naturally in the air without using any other mechanism. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102442/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102442/1/MohammadRashidiRazaliPSKM2021.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:147290 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Razali, Mohammad Rashidi Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
description	Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from marine transport have become one of the critical issues to the entire world community and one of the main contributors that contribute to global warming and air pollution. The ocean is known sequestrating CO2 more and faster than the forest. Methodology to Estimate Air Pollutions Emission (MEET) and Gaussian Model has been used to estimate the CO2 emission and its distribution from marine transport. However, this model does not include natural CO2 sinking rate in the air as a factor. The objective of this study was to propose a modified method to predict the CO2 emission and sinking rate emitted from marine transport and subsequently to prove that the CO2 will be sank naturally in the air via an airtight experiment. A ship database was developed from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. By using MEET methodology, the CO2 emission rate can be determined and modified Gaussian Model can be used to estimate the CO2 distribution. A modified method was tested by conducting a controlled experiment with an airtight PVC pipe to find an accurate CO2 sinking rate. The experimental results showed that a significant rate of CO2 sank naturally within a time period at sinking rates of 0.481ppm/s, 0.379ppm/s, and 0.25ppm/s at the distances of 5cm, 100cm, and 200cm. The time durations from the CO2 started to sink and the height of the CO2 sinking were varied in the modified method from the Gaussian model. In the first phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 32 seconds to sink at a distances of 5cm from the top of the PVC pipe. While in the second phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 651 seconds to sink at a distance of 100cm from the top of the PVC pipe. Lastly, in the third phase of the experiments, the CO2 needed 1301 seconds to sink at a distance of 200cm from the top of the PVC pipe. The rate of CO2 sink can be calculated where the CO2 was constantly sunk at a rate of 0.15cm/s or 0.0015m/s. In conclusion, the modified method is able to determine a more accurate of CO2 emission and its distribution from ship transport after integrating the CO2 sinking factor into the existing Gaussian Model equation. From the result, it also can be concluded that the CO2 can sink naturally in the air without using any other mechanism.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Razali, Mohammad Rashidi
author_facet	Razali, Mohammad Rashidi
author_sort	Razali, Mohammad Rashidi
title	Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
title_short	Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
title_full	Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
title_fullStr	Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
title_full_unstemmed	Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship
title_sort	modified gaussian puff method for prediction of co2 emission from ship
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102442/1/MohammadRashidiRazaliPSKM2021.pdf.pdf
_version_	1776100923974615040

Modified gaussian puff method for prediction of CO2 emission from ship

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