Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm

Acupressure is an alternative traditional Chinese medicinal practice believed to restore blocked internal energy or qi by applying manual pressure to specific points on the body and acts as an intervention strategy to improve muscle performance. Previous studies found that acupressure is an effectiv...

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Main Author:	Mangon, Mispan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/102794/1/MispanMangonPSKE2023.pdf.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1027942023-09-20T04:13:02Z Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm 2023 Mangon, Mispan TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Acupressure is an alternative traditional Chinese medicinal practice believed to restore blocked internal energy or qi by applying manual pressure to specific points on the body and acts as an intervention strategy to improve muscle performance. Previous studies found that acupressure is an effective alternative medicinal practice in treating certain diseases, but the physiological reaction of the muscle is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to conduct multimodal assessments that include the effectiveness of stimulation on acupressure in muscle fatigue of the forearm. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (n=15) received acupressure intervention, while the second group received kneading massage and act as a control group (n=15). During the acupressure intervention, the subjects received acupoints located at LI 4 (Hegu) and LI 11 (Guchi), and the acupoints were performed for 15– 30 seconds per attempt for 2–3 minutes on the brachioradialis muscle of the forearm. On the other hand, the control group received the kneading massage technique for 2– 3 minutes on the forearm after completing the 2 sets of 5 squeezed hand grip exercises within 15 – 30 seconds by using an adjustable hand grip exerciser. The results of the intervention group showed that there were significant differences in the levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions from about 0.01 mmol/l to 0.08 mmol/l. As for the lactic acid results, there was a change between 0.02 mmol/l and 0.08 mmol/l and the mean p-value is 0.05. Meanwhile, the mean value on the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) was between 2.67 before acupressure and 2.99 after acupressure. The decreases in FAS after acupressure indicate that the level of fatigue in the forearm is mild. In addition, the electromyography (EMG) analysis before and after acupressure to the intervention group shows that the mean of descriptive analysis is 0.56 and 0.58, which indicates that the median frequency of nerve conduction velocity values between 0.064 mV and 0.901 mV of muscle contraction during muscle fatigue is quicker after acupressure has been applied. In conclusion, acupressure is effective to treat muscle fatigue by indicating the increased levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions as well as lactic acid. On the other hand, the Fatigue Assessment Scale supported that there was significance in measuring the level of muscle fatigue. Furthermore, EMG is proven to be able to measure the physiological reaction of nerve conduction velocity of the muscle on acupressure. Therefore, acupressure shows potential for further research regarding the effectiveness, implications and applications of acupressure toward the mechanism of muscle fatigue. 2023 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/102794/ http://eprints.utm.my/102794/1/MispanMangonPSKE2023.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:152247 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Electrical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering Electronics Nuclear engineering Mangon, Mispan Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
description	Acupressure is an alternative traditional Chinese medicinal practice believed to restore blocked internal energy or qi by applying manual pressure to specific points on the body and acts as an intervention strategy to improve muscle performance. Previous studies found that acupressure is an effective alternative medicinal practice in treating certain diseases, but the physiological reaction of the muscle is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to conduct multimodal assessments that include the effectiveness of stimulation on acupressure in muscle fatigue of the forearm. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (n=15) received acupressure intervention, while the second group received kneading massage and act as a control group (n=15). During the acupressure intervention, the subjects received acupoints located at LI 4 (Hegu) and LI 11 (Guchi), and the acupoints were performed for 15– 30 seconds per attempt for 2–3 minutes on the brachioradialis muscle of the forearm. On the other hand, the control group received the kneading massage technique for 2– 3 minutes on the forearm after completing the 2 sets of 5 squeezed hand grip exercises within 15 – 30 seconds by using an adjustable hand grip exerciser. The results of the intervention group showed that there were significant differences in the levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions from about 0.01 mmol/l to 0.08 mmol/l. As for the lactic acid results, there was a change between 0.02 mmol/l and 0.08 mmol/l and the mean p-value is 0.05. Meanwhile, the mean value on the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) was between 2.67 before acupressure and 2.99 after acupressure. The decreases in FAS after acupressure indicate that the level of fatigue in the forearm is mild. In addition, the electromyography (EMG) analysis before and after acupressure to the intervention group shows that the mean of descriptive analysis is 0.56 and 0.58, which indicates that the median frequency of nerve conduction velocity values between 0.064 mV and 0.901 mV of muscle contraction during muscle fatigue is quicker after acupressure has been applied. In conclusion, acupressure is effective to treat muscle fatigue by indicating the increased levels of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions as well as lactic acid. On the other hand, the Fatigue Assessment Scale supported that there was significance in measuring the level of muscle fatigue. Furthermore, EMG is proven to be able to measure the physiological reaction of nerve conduction velocity of the muscle on acupressure. Therefore, acupressure shows potential for further research regarding the effectiveness, implications and applications of acupressure toward the mechanism of muscle fatigue.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mangon, Mispan
author_facet	Mangon, Mispan
author_sort	Mangon, Mispan
title	Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
title_short	Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
title_full	Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
title_fullStr	Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
title_full_unstemmed	Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
title_sort	multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Electrical Engineering
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/102794/1/MispanMangonPSKE2023.pdf.pdf
_version_	1783729219494215680

Multimodal assessments of acupressure in muscle fatigue of forearm

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