Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is the most promising technology of converting solid biomass to liquid bio-oil as a renewable substitution of fossil resources in fuel and chemical feedstocks applications. Malaysia with abundant biomass resources especially from palm oil milling industry provides an ideal...

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Main Author:	Lim, Xin Yi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2008
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11482/1/LimXinYiMFKM2008.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.114822018-07-23T05:37:16Z Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production 2008-05 Lim, Xin Yi TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Fast pyrolysis of biomass is the most promising technology of converting solid biomass to liquid bio-oil as a renewable substitution of fossil resources in fuel and chemical feedstocks applications. Malaysia with abundant biomass resources especially from palm oil milling industry provides an ideal platform for the development of this thermal conversion technology. This study was aimed of developing a 6.0 kg/h pilot scale continuous fast pyrolysis system with oil palm shell (OPS) as the main feedstock. A two-stage fluidised bed reactor was designed based on the fluidisation technology with silica sand as the heat carrier to achieve rapid heat transfer required for the reaction. The amount of silica sand required was determined with the experimental study on cold-flow hydrodynamics and heat transfer performances. This reactor can be rapidly heated up from room temperatures to experimental conditions up to 500 oC within 15 minutes. The experimental study of OPS fast pyrolysis showed that the reaction temperature was the most dominant parameter to influence the process sustainability and bio-oil yields. Smooth process and substantial bio-oil yields could be achieved for the experiments carried out with the reaction temperature within 370 oC to 490 oC. Lower reaction temperature will result in inadequate heat to crack the biomass component while the higher reaction temperature will promote secondary reaction to produce more non-condensable gas than bio-oil. The maximum bio-oils yield up to 43.3 wt% was recorded at the reaction temperature of 430 oC by using moderate particle sizes within 212-600 µm in dry basis. The bio-oil produced was dark brown mobile liquid with the physical properties similar to heavy oil. From the analysis of Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), the OPS bio-oil comprising mainly phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The bio-oil can be used for the manufacturing of phenolic resin or further upgraded for liquid fuel production. The development of fast pyrolysis system for oil palm solid wastes exhibits great potential to bring positive impact to Malaysia palm oil industry as it can broaden the industry’s products spectrum and generate revenue from these wastes. 2008-05 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11482/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11482/1/LimXinYiMFKM2008.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Lim, Xin Yi Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
description	Fast pyrolysis of biomass is the most promising technology of converting solid biomass to liquid bio-oil as a renewable substitution of fossil resources in fuel and chemical feedstocks applications. Malaysia with abundant biomass resources especially from palm oil milling industry provides an ideal platform for the development of this thermal conversion technology. This study was aimed of developing a 6.0 kg/h pilot scale continuous fast pyrolysis system with oil palm shell (OPS) as the main feedstock. A two-stage fluidised bed reactor was designed based on the fluidisation technology with silica sand as the heat carrier to achieve rapid heat transfer required for the reaction. The amount of silica sand required was determined with the experimental study on cold-flow hydrodynamics and heat transfer performances. This reactor can be rapidly heated up from room temperatures to experimental conditions up to 500 oC within 15 minutes. The experimental study of OPS fast pyrolysis showed that the reaction temperature was the most dominant parameter to influence the process sustainability and bio-oil yields. Smooth process and substantial bio-oil yields could be achieved for the experiments carried out with the reaction temperature within 370 oC to 490 oC. Lower reaction temperature will result in inadequate heat to crack the biomass component while the higher reaction temperature will promote secondary reaction to produce more non-condensable gas than bio-oil. The maximum bio-oils yield up to 43.3 wt% was recorded at the reaction temperature of 430 oC by using moderate particle sizes within 212-600 µm in dry basis. The bio-oil produced was dark brown mobile liquid with the physical properties similar to heavy oil. From the analysis of Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), the OPS bio-oil comprising mainly phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The bio-oil can be used for the manufacturing of phenolic resin or further upgraded for liquid fuel production. The development of fast pyrolysis system for oil palm solid wastes exhibits great potential to bring positive impact to Malaysia palm oil industry as it can broaden the industry’s products spectrum and generate revenue from these wastes.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Lim, Xin Yi
author_facet	Lim, Xin Yi
author_sort	Lim, Xin Yi
title	Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
title_short	Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
title_full	Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
title_fullStr	Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
title_full_unstemmed	Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
title_sort	development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2008
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/11482/1/LimXinYiMFKM2008.pdf
_version_	1747814861115490304

Development and characterisation of continuous fast pyrolysis of oil palm shell for bio-oil production

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