Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent

Many palm oil mills failed to comply with the standard discharge limits especially BOD and TSS concentration although they have applied biological treatment system. Hence, it is suggested that coagulation and flocculation process will enhance the BOD and TSS removal so that the final discharge will...

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Main Author:	Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/12788/1/ShazanaMohdIbrahimMFKKSA2009.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.12788
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spelling	my-utm-ep.127882018-06-25T08:59:46Z Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent 2009 Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana TP Chemical technology Many palm oil mills failed to comply with the standard discharge limits especially BOD and TSS concentration although they have applied biological treatment system. Hence, it is suggested that coagulation and flocculation process will enhance the BOD and TSS removal so that the final discharge will meet the Department of Environment (DOE) standards besides curtailing the large land area required by the aerobic pond. A study using coagulation–flocculation method as a pre-treatment for palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been carried out. The efficiency of chitosan, polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as coagulants were explored in this study. Jar test method has been used to identify the best coagulant in removing the organic matter. The reduction of turbidity, BOD, and TSS were the main evaluating parameters. In coagulation–flocculation process, coagulant dosage and pH played an important role in determining the coagulation efficiency. Chemical cost estimation was done to determine the applicability of the type of coagulant and its dosage. At the optimum chitosan dosage (250 mg/L) and pH 5.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 94%, TSS removal was 97% and BOD reduction was 61%. The optimum dosage and pH for PAM were 500 mg/L and 5.0, respectively, at which it gave 44% reduction of turbidity, 94.8% of TSS removal and 63% of BOD reduction. At the optimum PACl dosage (500 mg/L) and pH 6.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 76.3%, TSS removal was 96% and BOD reduction was 59%. For PAM and PACl to obtain a comparable percentage of BOD removal as performed by chitosan, the optimum dosages were 500 mg/L, respectively, employing the same mixing speed and sedimentation time, and a pH value of 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Amongst the three types of sole coagulant, the total chemical cost of PACl needed per tonne of crude palm oil produced was the cheapest (RM0.85), followed by PAM (RM23.88) and chitosan (RM39.13). 2009 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/12788/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/12788/1/ShazanaMohdIbrahimMFKKSA2009.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
description	Many palm oil mills failed to comply with the standard discharge limits especially BOD and TSS concentration although they have applied biological treatment system. Hence, it is suggested that coagulation and flocculation process will enhance the BOD and TSS removal so that the final discharge will meet the Department of Environment (DOE) standards besides curtailing the large land area required by the aerobic pond. A study using coagulation–flocculation method as a pre-treatment for palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been carried out. The efficiency of chitosan, polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as coagulants were explored in this study. Jar test method has been used to identify the best coagulant in removing the organic matter. The reduction of turbidity, BOD, and TSS were the main evaluating parameters. In coagulation–flocculation process, coagulant dosage and pH played an important role in determining the coagulation efficiency. Chemical cost estimation was done to determine the applicability of the type of coagulant and its dosage. At the optimum chitosan dosage (250 mg/L) and pH 5.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 94%, TSS removal was 97% and BOD reduction was 61%. The optimum dosage and pH for PAM were 500 mg/L and 5.0, respectively, at which it gave 44% reduction of turbidity, 94.8% of TSS removal and 63% of BOD reduction. At the optimum PACl dosage (500 mg/L) and pH 6.0, turbidity reduction was found to be 76.3%, TSS removal was 96% and BOD reduction was 59%. For PAM and PACl to obtain a comparable percentage of BOD removal as performed by chitosan, the optimum dosages were 500 mg/L, respectively, employing the same mixing speed and sedimentation time, and a pH value of 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Amongst the three types of sole coagulant, the total chemical cost of PACl needed per tonne of crude palm oil produced was the cheapest (RM0.85), followed by PAM (RM23.88) and chitosan (RM39.13).
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana
author_facet	Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana
author_sort	Mohd Ibrahim, Shazana
title	Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
title_short	Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
title_full	Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
title_fullStr	Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
title_sort	chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering
publishDate	2009
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/12788/1/ShazanaMohdIbrahimMFKKSA2009.pdf
_version_	1747814957819363328

Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent

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