Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil is widely used for food and non-food manufacturing industries and as a biofuel. The production of palm oil generates a large amount of solid and liquid wastes in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), respectively. As POME contributes to a high pollution proc...

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Main Author:	Abdullah, Norhayati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/30723/5/NorhayatiAbdullahPFBB2012.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.307232017-09-28T05:31:16Z Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent 2012-06 Abdullah, Norhayati TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Palm oil is widely used for food and non-food manufacturing industries and as a biofuel. The production of palm oil generates a large amount of solid and liquid wastes in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), respectively. As POME contributes to a high pollution process waste, the need to find an efficient and practical approach to preserve the environment is essential. Novel aerobic granular sludge is a compact consortium of self-immobilized bacteria with high rate biological wastewater treatability. This study is aimed at investigating aerobic granular sludge formation in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using POME as substrate. The efficiency of aerobic granular sludge developed for the treatment of POME in corresponds to the structure of bacterial population is monitored. Aerobic granular sludge was developed at volumetric exchange rate (VER) of 50% and cycle duration of 3 hours at flow rate of 3 Lm-1 in reactors R1, R2 and R3 operated at OLR of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively. Shock load conditions were introduced by increasing the OLR in R2 from 2.5 to 19 kgCOD m-3d-1. Aerobic granular sludge was successfully formed at an OLR of 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively while bioflocs remained dominant in R1. Under shock loading rate, aerobic granular sludge was partially disintegrated due to mass transfer limitation within the granule. The average sizes of granules were between 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm. Upon steady state, COD removal efficiency of greater than 80% was recorded for all reactors. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques were used to show that the bacterial population changes during aerobic granular sludge formation at different OLRs. The average Raup and Crick similarity indices obtained during the acclimation/granulation and the maturation phases were 0.95 ± 0.02 and 0.72 ± 0.06, respectively. Mature granules maintained good settling property and dominant granular morphology as evidenced by low SVI of 19.9 mL g-1 SS at 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1. Visible bands from the DGGE profiles indicated the shift of bacterial population during the aerobic granulation process. Comamonadaceae sp., Leadbetterella sp. and Runella sp. are dominant bacteria that consistently present throughout the granulation process. Distribution of AOB in mature granule was confirmed by FISH technique thus contributing to efficient removal of ammonia in POME of > 80%. Despite the different OLRs, aerobic granular sludge formation was successfully achieved for the treatment of high strength wastewater such as POME. 2012-06 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/30723/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/30723/5/NorhayatiAbdullahPFBB2012.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67931?site_name=Restricted Repository phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering Abdullah, Norhayati Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
description	Palm oil is widely used for food and non-food manufacturing industries and as a biofuel. The production of palm oil generates a large amount of solid and liquid wastes in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), respectively. As POME contributes to a high pollution process waste, the need to find an efficient and practical approach to preserve the environment is essential. Novel aerobic granular sludge is a compact consortium of self-immobilized bacteria with high rate biological wastewater treatability. This study is aimed at investigating aerobic granular sludge formation in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using POME as substrate. The efficiency of aerobic granular sludge developed for the treatment of POME in corresponds to the structure of bacterial population is monitored. Aerobic granular sludge was developed at volumetric exchange rate (VER) of 50% and cycle duration of 3 hours at flow rate of 3 Lm-1 in reactors R1, R2 and R3 operated at OLR of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively. Shock load conditions were introduced by increasing the OLR in R2 from 2.5 to 19 kgCOD m-3d-1. Aerobic granular sludge was successfully formed at an OLR of 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively while bioflocs remained dominant in R1. Under shock loading rate, aerobic granular sludge was partially disintegrated due to mass transfer limitation within the granule. The average sizes of granules were between 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm. Upon steady state, COD removal efficiency of greater than 80% was recorded for all reactors. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques were used to show that the bacterial population changes during aerobic granular sludge formation at different OLRs. The average Raup and Crick similarity indices obtained during the acclimation/granulation and the maturation phases were 0.95 ± 0.02 and 0.72 ± 0.06, respectively. Mature granules maintained good settling property and dominant granular morphology as evidenced by low SVI of 19.9 mL g-1 SS at 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1. Visible bands from the DGGE profiles indicated the shift of bacterial population during the aerobic granulation process. Comamonadaceae sp., Leadbetterella sp. and Runella sp. are dominant bacteria that consistently present throughout the granulation process. Distribution of AOB in mature granule was confirmed by FISH technique thus contributing to efficient removal of ammonia in POME of > 80%. Despite the different OLRs, aerobic granular sludge formation was successfully achieved for the treatment of high strength wastewater such as POME.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abdullah, Norhayati
author_facet	Abdullah, Norhayati
author_sort	Abdullah, Norhayati
title	Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
title_short	Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
title_full	Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
title_fullStr	Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
title_full_unstemmed	Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
title_sort	development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering
granting_department	Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering
publishDate	2012
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/30723/5/NorhayatiAbdullahPFBB2012.pdf
_version_	1747815732691861504

Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent

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