Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram

Tawaf is one of the most important rituals of hajj or umrah performed by the Muslim pilgrims in Masjid al-Haram yard, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It consists of seven counterclockwise circulations around Ka’abah, a building situated in the middle of the yard. Large crowds of pilgrims performing Tawaf duri...

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Main Author:	Haghighati, Razieh
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	BP Islam Bahaism Theosophy, etc
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31407/1/RaziehHaghighatiMFKM2012.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.31407
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.314072018-04-17T08:37:22Z Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram 2012-08 Haghighati, Razieh BP Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc Tawaf is one of the most important rituals of hajj or umrah performed by the Muslim pilgrims in Masjid al-Haram yard, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It consists of seven counterclockwise circulations around Ka’abah, a building situated in the middle of the yard. Large crowds of pilgrims performing Tawaf during peak seasons need to be investigated towards providing a safe and robust crowd management plan. Although many studies have been reported related to Tawaf, but many of them focused on animation and behavior during Tawaf. There has been limited studies addressing human crowd during Tawaf from queuing system and optimization perspectives. This research modeled the Tawaf activities based on queuing system using discrete-event simulation, Arena. Alternative crowd management policies were studied and their performances were compared using three criteria namely, density, service rate and average time in the system. Important design factors such as pilgrim inter-arrival time, group size, availability of space and switching behavior during Tawaf were investigated. The simulation results suggest that switching lane during Tawaf is the most significant factor in crowd density development and reduce efficiency of the queuing system. The proposed Tawaf model using separation, spiral path and timely scheduled the incoming pilgrims has resulted in the best performance among the investigated models. The techniques used in this study, is potentially applicable to other huge crowd gathering such as in theme parks, public transportation hubs and sports events. 2012-08 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31407/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31407/1/RaziehHaghighatiMFKM2012.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	BP Islam Bahaism Theosophy, etc
spellingShingle	BP Islam Bahaism Theosophy, etc Haghighati, Razieh Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
description	Tawaf is one of the most important rituals of hajj or umrah performed by the Muslim pilgrims in Masjid al-Haram yard, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It consists of seven counterclockwise circulations around Ka’abah, a building situated in the middle of the yard. Large crowds of pilgrims performing Tawaf during peak seasons need to be investigated towards providing a safe and robust crowd management plan. Although many studies have been reported related to Tawaf, but many of them focused on animation and behavior during Tawaf. There has been limited studies addressing human crowd during Tawaf from queuing system and optimization perspectives. This research modeled the Tawaf activities based on queuing system using discrete-event simulation, Arena. Alternative crowd management policies were studied and their performances were compared using three criteria namely, density, service rate and average time in the system. Important design factors such as pilgrim inter-arrival time, group size, availability of space and switching behavior during Tawaf were investigated. The simulation results suggest that switching lane during Tawaf is the most significant factor in crowd density development and reduce efficiency of the queuing system. The proposed Tawaf model using separation, spiral path and timely scheduled the incoming pilgrims has resulted in the best performance among the investigated models. The techniques used in this study, is potentially applicable to other huge crowd gathering such as in theme parks, public transportation hubs and sports events.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Haghighati, Razieh
author_facet	Haghighati, Razieh
author_sort	Haghighati, Razieh
title	Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
title_short	Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
title_full	Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
title_fullStr	Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram
title_sort	modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at masjid al-haram
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2012
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31407/1/RaziehHaghighatiMFKM2012.pdf
_version_	1747815796736786432

Modeling flow of crowd during tawaf at Masjid Al-Haram

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