Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane

The production of activated carbon production has been utilized from local waste palm kernel shell by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4), a strong dehydrating agent. In this study, the effect of different acid concentration ranging from 10% to 50% was studied to establish the optimal...

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Main Author:	Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2011
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/32271/5/SitiZubaidahHanapiMFS2010.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.32271
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.322712018-05-27T07:42:39Z Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane 2011-07 Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah Q Science (General) The production of activated carbon production has been utilized from local waste palm kernel shell by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4), a strong dehydrating agent. In this study, the effect of different acid concentration ranging from 10% to 50% was studied to establish the optimal condition to produce high surface area activated carbon. The activated carbon preparation includes soaking and dehydration of palm kernel shell in H3PO4 at 120 ºC and activation at 500 ºC. The activated carbon prepared was characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption analysis, FTIR, FESEM and TGA. The highest surface area of activated carbon prepared was used as the carbon source and selected as support in tungsten carbide (WC) synthesis. In this study, the WC catalyst was prepared via solid-state reaction using modified microwave oven and this method is named as Microwave-Assisted Method using two different precursors, tungsten metal and tungstic acid for comparison. Two sets of samples for each precursor were prepared with 6% and 15% tungsten respectively. Catalyst with high crystalinity structure was used to study the catalytic activity by hydrodehalogenation (HDH) reaction of Chlorodifluromethane (HCFC-22). Characterization results showed that acid concentration is an important factor for pore development and porosity of the activated carbon produced. The highest BET surface area was achieved when the palm kernel shell soaked in 50% phosphoric acid (AC50) with surface area of 1227 m2g-1. Meanwhile, catalyst with 6% tungsten (WC-M2) prepared from tungstic acid precursor produced better crystalinity of tungsten carbide (WC) than when tungsten powder was used as precursor. This catalyst is also found to be reactive to hydrodehalogenation of HCFC-22 with 84% conversion. 2011-07 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/32271/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/32271/5/SitiZubaidahHanapiMFS2010.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
description	The production of activated carbon production has been utilized from local waste palm kernel shell by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4), a strong dehydrating agent. In this study, the effect of different acid concentration ranging from 10% to 50% was studied to establish the optimal condition to produce high surface area activated carbon. The activated carbon preparation includes soaking and dehydration of palm kernel shell in H3PO4 at 120 ºC and activation at 500 ºC. The activated carbon prepared was characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption analysis, FTIR, FESEM and TGA. The highest surface area of activated carbon prepared was used as the carbon source and selected as support in tungsten carbide (WC) synthesis. In this study, the WC catalyst was prepared via solid-state reaction using modified microwave oven and this method is named as Microwave-Assisted Method using two different precursors, tungsten metal and tungstic acid for comparison. Two sets of samples for each precursor were prepared with 6% and 15% tungsten respectively. Catalyst with high crystalinity structure was used to study the catalytic activity by hydrodehalogenation (HDH) reaction of Chlorodifluromethane (HCFC-22). Characterization results showed that acid concentration is an important factor for pore development and porosity of the activated carbon produced. The highest BET surface area was achieved when the palm kernel shell soaked in 50% phosphoric acid (AC50) with surface area of 1227 m2g-1. Meanwhile, catalyst with 6% tungsten (WC-M2) prepared from tungstic acid precursor produced better crystalinity of tungsten carbide (WC) than when tungsten powder was used as precursor. This catalyst is also found to be reactive to hydrodehalogenation of HCFC-22 with 84% conversion.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah
author_facet	Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah
author_sort	Hanapi, Siti Zubaidah
title	Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
title_short	Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
title_full	Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
title_fullStr	Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
title_full_unstemmed	Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
title_sort	microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2011
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/32271/5/SitiZubaidahHanapiMFS2010.pdf
_version_	1747815962547060736

Microwave assisted tungsten carbide from waste kernel shell for remediation of chlorodifluoromethane

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