Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was applied to determine the concentration of heavy metal such as Pb in five different whitening creams available from retail shop and open market in Johor, Malaysia. The whitening cream in the form of an emulsion was painted on the glass slide a...

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Main Author:	Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	QC Physics
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/50774/25/WanNorsyuhadaWanMohdShukriMFS2014.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.507742020-07-12T03:29:20Z Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis 2014-09 Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada QC Physics Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was applied to determine the concentration of heavy metal such as Pb in five different whitening creams available from retail shop and open market in Johor, Malaysia. The whitening cream in the form of an emulsion was painted on the glass slide and then cryogenically frozen in refrigerator. The harden sample of whitening creams were irradiated with light Q-switch Nd:YAG laser at five different positions on the same sample. The spectral lines of six whitening creams were identified using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Database. Finally, Pb was detected in all the studied samples and their concentration in the range of 1.78 ppm – 4.64 ppm with limit of detection which is ~ 1 ppm. The LIBS results were validated by Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) technique with percentage difference in the range of 2.73% – 7.60%. The detection of Pb in the whitening creams is under permissible limit as set by Malaysian standard. However, the limitation is over as set by WHO which is 0.05 ppm for daily used. Thus, it is better to take precaution because continuously using creams may lead to accumulative toxicity in the body beyond the acceptable limit. Thus, the high sensitivity, portable and in-situ system allow LIBS to be an important technique in cosmetic industries. 2014-09 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/50774/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/50774/25/WanNorsyuhadaWanMohdShukriMFS2014.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:86251 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QC Physics
spellingShingle	QC Physics Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
description	Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was applied to determine the concentration of heavy metal such as Pb in five different whitening creams available from retail shop and open market in Johor, Malaysia. The whitening cream in the form of an emulsion was painted on the glass slide and then cryogenically frozen in refrigerator. The harden sample of whitening creams were irradiated with light Q-switch Nd:YAG laser at five different positions on the same sample. The spectral lines of six whitening creams were identified using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Database. Finally, Pb was detected in all the studied samples and their concentration in the range of 1.78 ppm – 4.64 ppm with limit of detection which is ~ 1 ppm. The LIBS results were validated by Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) technique with percentage difference in the range of 2.73% – 7.60%. The detection of Pb in the whitening creams is under permissible limit as set by Malaysian standard. However, the limitation is over as set by WHO which is 0.05 ppm for daily used. Thus, it is better to take precaution because continuously using creams may lead to accumulative toxicity in the body beyond the acceptable limit. Thus, the high sensitivity, portable and in-situ system allow LIBS to be an important technique in cosmetic industries.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada
author_facet	Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada
author_sort	Wan Mohd. Shukri, Wan Norsyuhada
title	Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
title_short	Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
title_full	Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
title_fullStr	Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
title_sort	determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2014
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/50774/25/WanNorsyuhadaWanMohdShukriMFS2014.pdf
_version_	1747817531483095040

Determination of lead content in whitening cream using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis

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