Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application

Nowadays, the demands for plastics materials are increasing rapidly. Nevertheless, most of these products are non-environmentally friendly and nonbiodegradable. About 60 to 100 million gallons of petroleum are needed to produce plastics every year around the world. Therefore, there has been growing...

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Main Author:	Lani, Nurul Saadiah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/53430/25/NurulSaadiahLaniMFChE2014.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.534302020-07-14T03:29:48Z Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application 2014-08 Lani, Nurul Saadiah TP Chemical technology Nowadays, the demands for plastics materials are increasing rapidly. Nevertheless, most of these products are non-environmentally friendly and nonbiodegradable. About 60 to 100 million gallons of petroleum are needed to produce plastics every year around the world. Therefore, there has been growing interest in developing bio–based products that can offer favorable environmental advantages. The purpose of this study is to isolate nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber and to investigate reinforcing effect of nanocellulose in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch blend films. The optimization of acid hydrolysis conditions for nanocellulose yield with response surface methodology (RSM) was also investigated. Cellulose and nanocellulose fibers were successfully extracted by using alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis, respectively. Subsequently, a series of PVA/starch film with different content of nanocellulose were prepared by solution casting method. The isolated nanocellulose displayed a relatively high crystallinity, which were around 73% that consisted of rod like nanoparticles with the diameter of 4 to 15 nm. Analysis of the RSM result revealed that high nanocellulose yield (83.42%) was obtained when the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis time and reaction temperature were set at 58 wt%, 43 minutes and 35 °C, respectively. PVA/starch films reinforced with nanocellulose fiber possessed significantly improved properties compared to the film without reinforcement. From the results, PVA/starch films with the addition of 5% (v/v) of nanocellulose suspension exhibited the best combination of properties. This nanocomposite was found to have tensile strength about 5.694 MPa and the elongation at break about 481.85%. In addition, this nanocomposite had good water resistance (19.71% ) and biodegradability (47.73%). It can be concluded that the nanocellulose obtained in this study can be an excellent reinforcing material in PVA/starch blend film. 2014-08 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/53430/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/53430/25/NurulSaadiahLaniMFChE2014.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:86805 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Lani, Nurul Saadiah Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
description	Nowadays, the demands for plastics materials are increasing rapidly. Nevertheless, most of these products are non-environmentally friendly and nonbiodegradable. About 60 to 100 million gallons of petroleum are needed to produce plastics every year around the world. Therefore, there has been growing interest in developing bio–based products that can offer favorable environmental advantages. The purpose of this study is to isolate nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber and to investigate reinforcing effect of nanocellulose in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch blend films. The optimization of acid hydrolysis conditions for nanocellulose yield with response surface methodology (RSM) was also investigated. Cellulose and nanocellulose fibers were successfully extracted by using alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis, respectively. Subsequently, a series of PVA/starch film with different content of nanocellulose were prepared by solution casting method. The isolated nanocellulose displayed a relatively high crystallinity, which were around 73% that consisted of rod like nanoparticles with the diameter of 4 to 15 nm. Analysis of the RSM result revealed that high nanocellulose yield (83.42%) was obtained when the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis time and reaction temperature were set at 58 wt%, 43 minutes and 35 °C, respectively. PVA/starch films reinforced with nanocellulose fiber possessed significantly improved properties compared to the film without reinforcement. From the results, PVA/starch films with the addition of 5% (v/v) of nanocellulose suspension exhibited the best combination of properties. This nanocomposite was found to have tensile strength about 5.694 MPa and the elongation at break about 481.85%. In addition, this nanocomposite had good water resistance (19.71% ) and biodegradability (47.73%). It can be concluded that the nanocellulose obtained in this study can be an excellent reinforcing material in PVA/starch blend film.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Lani, Nurul Saadiah
author_facet	Lani, Nurul Saadiah
author_sort	Lani, Nurul Saadiah
title	Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
title_short	Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
title_full	Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
title_fullStr	Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
title_full_unstemmed	Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
title_sort	isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2014
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/53430/25/NurulSaadiahLaniMFChE2014.pdf
_version_	1747817553295572992

Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch fiber for nanocomposite application

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