Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions

Among various pollutants in drinking and wastewaters, inorganic species are major, and difficult to remove because of smaller size, low concentration and competition with nontoxic species. In this work, various activated carbons have been prepared by phosphoric acid activation from oil palm and coco...

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Main Author:	Adil, Mohammad
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2006
Subjects:	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5430/1/MohammadAdilMFS2006.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.54302018-03-07T21:00:46Z Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions 2006-07 Adil, Mohammad GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry Among various pollutants in drinking and wastewaters, inorganic species are major, and difficult to remove because of smaller size, low concentration and competition with nontoxic species. In this work, various activated carbons have been prepared by phosphoric acid activation from oil palm and coconut shells to study the effect of preparation variables and metal removal capacity. Characterizations were done for the observation of surface area, pore development, textural structure, surface functional groups and its acidity. Thus preparation was customized for carbon with high surface area and wider micro- and mesopores, suitable for removing metal ions. Modification was conducted by dispersing hydrated iron-oxide onto carbon for selective removal of arsenic. Application was tested through batch adsorption in single, binary and ternary solutes solutions and fitting the equilibrium data to various equilibrium and kinetic models. Prepared carbons show very high adsorption capacities for borderline and soft metal ions, copper(II) (25 mg.g-1), nickel(II) (20 mg.g-1), zinc(II) (10 mg.g-1), and lead(II) (75 mg.g-1), compared to that of commercial ones. Adsorption in binary solution shows that hard cation, calcium(II) is not at all competent to borderline cations while the mechanism is assessed as inner-sphere complexation. For low concentration range, ternary-solute adsorption shows the following selectivity order, Ni(II) = Pb(II) = Cu(II). Adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbon for Cr(VI) is saturated at 46 mg.g-1. Although the adsorption capacity of commercial activated carbon dramatically decreases with the lowering of initial solute concentration, it shows a higher monolayer adsorption capacity (71 mg.g-1). The modification significantly enhances the adsorption capacity for As(III) (1.5 mg.g-1) and As(V) (1.0 mg.g-1) than that of parent carbon. The developed activated carbons and modified adsorbents are expected to be useful in removing borderline and soft metal ions as well as ionic or nonionic soft ligands of metalloids present in drinking and wastewaters. 2006-07 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5430/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5430/1/MohammadAdilMFS2006.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	GE Environmental Sciences QD Chemistry Adil, Mohammad Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
description	Among various pollutants in drinking and wastewaters, inorganic species are major, and difficult to remove because of smaller size, low concentration and competition with nontoxic species. In this work, various activated carbons have been prepared by phosphoric acid activation from oil palm and coconut shells to study the effect of preparation variables and metal removal capacity. Characterizations were done for the observation of surface area, pore development, textural structure, surface functional groups and its acidity. Thus preparation was customized for carbon with high surface area and wider micro- and mesopores, suitable for removing metal ions. Modification was conducted by dispersing hydrated iron-oxide onto carbon for selective removal of arsenic. Application was tested through batch adsorption in single, binary and ternary solutes solutions and fitting the equilibrium data to various equilibrium and kinetic models. Prepared carbons show very high adsorption capacities for borderline and soft metal ions, copper(II) (25 mg.g-1), nickel(II) (20 mg.g-1), zinc(II) (10 mg.g-1), and lead(II) (75 mg.g-1), compared to that of commercial ones. Adsorption in binary solution shows that hard cation, calcium(II) is not at all competent to borderline cations while the mechanism is assessed as inner-sphere complexation. For low concentration range, ternary-solute adsorption shows the following selectivity order, Ni(II) = Pb(II) = Cu(II). Adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbon for Cr(VI) is saturated at 46 mg.g-1. Although the adsorption capacity of commercial activated carbon dramatically decreases with the lowering of initial solute concentration, it shows a higher monolayer adsorption capacity (71 mg.g-1). The modification significantly enhances the adsorption capacity for As(III) (1.5 mg.g-1) and As(V) (1.0 mg.g-1) than that of parent carbon. The developed activated carbons and modified adsorbents are expected to be useful in removing borderline and soft metal ions as well as ionic or nonionic soft ligands of metalloids present in drinking and wastewaters.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Adil, Mohammad
author_facet	Adil, Mohammad
author_sort	Adil, Mohammad
title	Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
title_short	Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
title_full	Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
title_fullStr	Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
title_sort	preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2006
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5430/1/MohammadAdilMFS2006.pdf
_version_	1747814591322128384

Preparation, modification and characterization of activated carbons for batch adsorption studies on the removal of selected metal ions

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