Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue

Environmental pollution especially pigment-containing wastewater from industrial sources are of concern nowadays. Conventional treatment techniques are efficient but they are not economically feasible for large-scale application. Utilization of agricultural waste biomass such as from the pineapple (...

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Main Author:	Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54658/25/MohammedNabilMahamadMFChE2015.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.546582020-11-03T07:32:00Z Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue 2015-01 Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil TP Chemical technology Environmental pollution especially pigment-containing wastewater from industrial sources are of concern nowadays. Conventional treatment techniques are efficient but they are not economically feasible for large-scale application. Utilization of agricultural waste biomass such as from the pineapple (Ananas comosus) industry offers an interesting alternative to remove pigment as it can be converted into activated carbon. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from the pyrolysis (500 oC, 1 hour) of pineapple waste biomass (leaves, stem, crown) impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The activated carbon was prepared with different impregnation ratios (50, 100 and 150 wt %) and designated as PLAC A, PLAC B and PLAC C in which the resulting activated carbon with the highest surface area was chosen for subsequent studies. It was characterized for its surface area, surface chemistry, point of zero charge (pH pzc), functional groups, porosity and surface morphology. The dye removal performance of PLACs was investigated using methylene blue (MB) taking into consideration of the following parameters; contact time, initial concentration of MB, pH, temperature and PLAC dosage. In addition, maximum uptake (qmax) of MB by PLACs were determined based on goodness-of-fit obtained from mathematical models, including Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm models as well as kinetic models (pseudo first order and second order). The adsorption equilibrium data was best fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with r2 of 0.969 and qmax at 288.34 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics showed two distinct phases of adsorption indicating a pseudo second order reaction at higher MB concentration of 300 to 400 mg/L, and a pseudo first order kinetic model at lower MB concentration of 100 to 200 mg/L. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that PLAC B has the highest dye removal capacity due to its properties of high surface area (914.67 m2/g), pH (6.12) and adsorption capacity at 288.34 mg/g. This study has shown that, pineapple waste biomass can be turned into an adsorbent which can be used for dye removal in wastewater. 2015-01 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54658/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54658/25/MohammedNabilMahamadMFChE2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:86565 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
description	Environmental pollution especially pigment-containing wastewater from industrial sources are of concern nowadays. Conventional treatment techniques are efficient but they are not economically feasible for large-scale application. Utilization of agricultural waste biomass such as from the pineapple (Ananas comosus) industry offers an interesting alternative to remove pigment as it can be converted into activated carbon. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from the pyrolysis (500 oC, 1 hour) of pineapple waste biomass (leaves, stem, crown) impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The activated carbon was prepared with different impregnation ratios (50, 100 and 150 wt %) and designated as PLAC A, PLAC B and PLAC C in which the resulting activated carbon with the highest surface area was chosen for subsequent studies. It was characterized for its surface area, surface chemistry, point of zero charge (pH pzc), functional groups, porosity and surface morphology. The dye removal performance of PLACs was investigated using methylene blue (MB) taking into consideration of the following parameters; contact time, initial concentration of MB, pH, temperature and PLAC dosage. In addition, maximum uptake (qmax) of MB by PLACs were determined based on goodness-of-fit obtained from mathematical models, including Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Peterson adsorption isotherm models as well as kinetic models (pseudo first order and second order). The adsorption equilibrium data was best fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with r2 of 0.969 and qmax at 288.34 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics showed two distinct phases of adsorption indicating a pseudo second order reaction at higher MB concentration of 300 to 400 mg/L, and a pseudo first order kinetic model at lower MB concentration of 100 to 200 mg/L. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that PLAC B has the highest dye removal capacity due to its properties of high surface area (914.67 m2/g), pH (6.12) and adsorption capacity at 288.34 mg/g. This study has shown that, pineapple waste biomass can be turned into an adsorbent which can be used for dye removal in wastewater.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil
author_facet	Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil
author_sort	Mahamad, Mohammed Nabil
title	Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
title_short	Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
title_full	Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
title_fullStr	Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
title_full_unstemmed	Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
title_sort	activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54658/25/MohammedNabilMahamadMFChE2015.pdf
_version_	1747817698502377472

Activated carbon from pineapple waste biomass for the removal of methylene blue

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