Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar

Geopolymer, an inorganic polymeric binder material synthesized from materials containing alumina and silica compounds, has evolved to become an alternative to Portland cement. The drawbacks of using Portland cement are its carbon dioxide emission, high energy consumption during production, and inade...

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Main Author:	Yusuf, Taliat Ola
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54693/1/TaliatOlaYusufPFKA2015.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.546932020-11-03T08:29:11Z Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar 2015-04 Yusuf, Taliat Ola TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Geopolymer, an inorganic polymeric binder material synthesized from materials containing alumina and silica compounds, has evolved to become an alternative to Portland cement. The drawbacks of using Portland cement are its carbon dioxide emission, high energy consumption during production, and inadequate durability performance of its concrete. The valorization of wastes such as fly ash and blast furnace slag is an important feature of geopolymer that in a broad sense contributes to its environmental friendliness. In the same manner, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) waste generated from industrial production of palm oil for construction purposes is also beneficial and contributes towards a more sustainable environment since it aids in the disposal of waste and leads to economic gains. POFA has been successfully developed as supplementary material for Portland cement. Its emerging use in geopolymer production is made possible by blending it with alumina rich material like Metakaolin, which addresses its deficient alumina content. The maximization of POFA and the minimization of metakaolin use in geopolymer preparation underscore the need to study the behavior of high volume POFA blends with metakaolin geopolymers with specific objectives of determining the effect of high volume blend on the strength, durability performance and microstructure characteristics. The ratio of blends studied range from 0:100 to 80:20 POFA: Metakaolin. The geopolymer specimens were prepared with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate and were cured in both ambient and oven conditions. The analysis of formulations revealed the extent of influence of the synthesis factors on the geopolymer. The evaluation of strength and durability properties of geopolymer specimens was accomplished with mortar for various mixes at varying ages. High volume POFA was found to improve the strength and durability properties as well the microstructure characteristics, which were mainly due to the participation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al bonds in the reaction products. Test results show that all mixes developed appreciable mechanical strength under the studied curing conditions. The aspects of durability studied are permeability properties, resistance to acid, resistance to sulfate, and effects of elevated temperature. The test results showed that the geopolymer specimen was highly resistant to water penetration and aggressive conditions. Microstructure tests in the form of FESEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR and TGA were performed on selected specimens to study the interactions of the geopolymerization products. It is therefore concluded that geopolymer mortar produced with up to 80% POFA could give adequate strength and durability properties. 2015-04 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54693/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54693/1/TaliatOlaYusufPFKA2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:94683 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Yusuf, Taliat Ola Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
description	Geopolymer, an inorganic polymeric binder material synthesized from materials containing alumina and silica compounds, has evolved to become an alternative to Portland cement. The drawbacks of using Portland cement are its carbon dioxide emission, high energy consumption during production, and inadequate durability performance of its concrete. The valorization of wastes such as fly ash and blast furnace slag is an important feature of geopolymer that in a broad sense contributes to its environmental friendliness. In the same manner, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) waste generated from industrial production of palm oil for construction purposes is also beneficial and contributes towards a more sustainable environment since it aids in the disposal of waste and leads to economic gains. POFA has been successfully developed as supplementary material for Portland cement. Its emerging use in geopolymer production is made possible by blending it with alumina rich material like Metakaolin, which addresses its deficient alumina content. The maximization of POFA and the minimization of metakaolin use in geopolymer preparation underscore the need to study the behavior of high volume POFA blends with metakaolin geopolymers with specific objectives of determining the effect of high volume blend on the strength, durability performance and microstructure characteristics. The ratio of blends studied range from 0:100 to 80:20 POFA: Metakaolin. The geopolymer specimens were prepared with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate and were cured in both ambient and oven conditions. The analysis of formulations revealed the extent of influence of the synthesis factors on the geopolymer. The evaluation of strength and durability properties of geopolymer specimens was accomplished with mortar for various mixes at varying ages. High volume POFA was found to improve the strength and durability properties as well the microstructure characteristics, which were mainly due to the participation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al bonds in the reaction products. Test results show that all mixes developed appreciable mechanical strength under the studied curing conditions. The aspects of durability studied are permeability properties, resistance to acid, resistance to sulfate, and effects of elevated temperature. The test results showed that the geopolymer specimen was highly resistant to water penetration and aggressive conditions. Microstructure tests in the form of FESEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR and TGA were performed on selected specimens to study the interactions of the geopolymerization products. It is therefore concluded that geopolymer mortar produced with up to 80% POFA could give adequate strength and durability properties.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Yusuf, Taliat Ola
author_facet	Yusuf, Taliat Ola
author_sort	Yusuf, Taliat Ola
title	Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
title_short	Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
title_full	Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
title_fullStr	Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
title_sort	effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54693/1/TaliatOlaYusufPFKA2015.pdf
_version_	1747817704358674432

Effects of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin blend on properties of geopolymer mortar

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