Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir

Understanding the characteristics of a reservoir ecosystem is crucial in water resources management. The aims of this study are to investigate the limnological characteristics and spatial physicochemical properties of water quality in the Sembrong Reservoir. This study includes investigation of spat...

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Main Author:	Baharim, Nor Bakhiah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54723/1/NorBakhiahBaharimPFKA2015.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.547232020-11-04T08:08:13Z Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir 2015-06 Baharim, Nor Bakhiah TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Understanding the characteristics of a reservoir ecosystem is crucial in water resources management. The aims of this study are to investigate the limnological characteristics and spatial physicochemical properties of water quality in the Sembrong Reservoir. This study includes investigation of spatial variability of sediment properties and the quality of bottom sediment and long term sedimentation rate in relation to land use change and major hydrology events. The data collection was carried out from November 2011 to January 2013. Vertical sampling of reservoir water was conducted and its physical properties were measured in situ. Water samples were also analysed in laboratory for Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Pb and Total Phosphorous. Stable isotopes (18O and 2H) were measured using SERCON GEO 20–20 Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (CF–IRMS). A total of nine sediment cores were analysed for fallout 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes activities by Gamma Spectrometer. Sediment samples were also analysed for Total Carbon and Total Nitrogen and grain size distribution. Polymictic pattern was observed in this reservoir, especially during wet months. Thermal stratification occurred at depths between 3m and 4 m. The occurrence of photosynthesis at depth less than 3m increased phytoplankton productions. Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentrations were subjected to geochemical processes, particularly redox reaction. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the water column decreased in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > As > Pb. Based on Carlson’s Trophic State the Sembrong Reservoir is classified as hypereutrophic. On the other hand, the heavy metal concentrations as determined by the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) fall under slightly polluted to polluted. Factor analysis suggested that the heavy metals are originated from modern agricultural plots. Higher heavy metal contents were observed in the west wing. This could be associated with micronutrient fertilizer from oil palm plantation with remarkable increases in the Enrichment Factor and Geoaccumulation Index for Zn, Cu, and Mn. Sediment mixing and digenesis processes influenced the deposition of bottom sediment. Given the irregularities of 210Pb, long-term sedimentation rates were calculated by dividing the sediment thickness over a period. Higher sedimentation rates were observed at cores S1 and S6A with sedimentation rates of 1.10 and 1.17 cm/year, respectively. Forest clearing for oil palm plantation, dam development, and modern agricultural activities play important roles in the spatial and temporal distributions of sediment and water quality. This study highlighted the importance of limnology in controlling the physical and chemical processes in a reservoir ecosystem. The physicochemical properties of sediment also significantly influence the quality of reservoir ecosystem. Therefore, a comprehensive management plan to preserve the reservoir ecosystems is needed to ensure the sustainability of water resources. 2015-06 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54723/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54723/1/NorBakhiahBaharimPFKA2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:94662 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Baharim, Nor Bakhiah Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
description	Understanding the characteristics of a reservoir ecosystem is crucial in water resources management. The aims of this study are to investigate the limnological characteristics and spatial physicochemical properties of water quality in the Sembrong Reservoir. This study includes investigation of spatial variability of sediment properties and the quality of bottom sediment and long term sedimentation rate in relation to land use change and major hydrology events. The data collection was carried out from November 2011 to January 2013. Vertical sampling of reservoir water was conducted and its physical properties were measured in situ. Water samples were also analysed in laboratory for Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Pb and Total Phosphorous. Stable isotopes (18O and 2H) were measured using SERCON GEO 20–20 Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (CF–IRMS). A total of nine sediment cores were analysed for fallout 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes activities by Gamma Spectrometer. Sediment samples were also analysed for Total Carbon and Total Nitrogen and grain size distribution. Polymictic pattern was observed in this reservoir, especially during wet months. Thermal stratification occurred at depths between 3m and 4 m. The occurrence of photosynthesis at depth less than 3m increased phytoplankton productions. Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentrations were subjected to geochemical processes, particularly redox reaction. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the water column decreased in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > As > Pb. Based on Carlson’s Trophic State the Sembrong Reservoir is classified as hypereutrophic. On the other hand, the heavy metal concentrations as determined by the Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) fall under slightly polluted to polluted. Factor analysis suggested that the heavy metals are originated from modern agricultural plots. Higher heavy metal contents were observed in the west wing. This could be associated with micronutrient fertilizer from oil palm plantation with remarkable increases in the Enrichment Factor and Geoaccumulation Index for Zn, Cu, and Mn. Sediment mixing and digenesis processes influenced the deposition of bottom sediment. Given the irregularities of 210Pb, long-term sedimentation rates were calculated by dividing the sediment thickness over a period. Higher sedimentation rates were observed at cores S1 and S6A with sedimentation rates of 1.10 and 1.17 cm/year, respectively. Forest clearing for oil palm plantation, dam development, and modern agricultural activities play important roles in the spatial and temporal distributions of sediment and water quality. This study highlighted the importance of limnology in controlling the physical and chemical processes in a reservoir ecosystem. The physicochemical properties of sediment also significantly influence the quality of reservoir ecosystem. Therefore, a comprehensive management plan to preserve the reservoir ecosystems is needed to ensure the sustainability of water resources.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Baharim, Nor Bakhiah
author_facet	Baharim, Nor Bakhiah
author_sort	Baharim, Nor Bakhiah
title	Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
title_short	Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
title_full	Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
title_fullStr	Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir
title_sort	spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in sembrong reservoir
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54723/1/NorBakhiahBaharimPFKA2015.pdf
_version_	1747817711472214016

Spatial and temporal distributions of water physicochemical, sediment quality and sedimentation in Sembrong Reservoir

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