Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films

The demand for the development of high-performance packaging films and the equally growing environmental awareness have called for intensive research in the field of eco-friendly films with good mechanical and barrier properties. The present study investigates the use of epoxidized natural rubber (E...

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Main Author:	Attaran, Seyed Ahmad
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54757/1/SeyedAhmadAttaranPFKChE2015.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.547572020-11-05T06:40:23Z Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films 2015-08 Attaran, Seyed Ahmad TP Chemical technology The demand for the development of high-performance packaging films and the equally growing environmental awareness have called for intensive research in the field of eco-friendly films with good mechanical and barrier properties. The present study investigates the use of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and organo modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in the development of low density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites films. The films were successfully prepared by first melt blending at 190 °C in a twin-screw extruder and then blown via single screw machine. Linear low density polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (LLDPE-g-MA), was used as compatibilizer to obtain better dispersion of nanoclay in the system. The nanocomposite films were prepared at different amounts of rubber from 2.5-10 wt%. The obtained nanocomposites were analyzed for tensile, thermal, morphology, gas permeability and degradation properties. The study of tensile properties of films was done via Lloyd 2.5 kN according to ASTM D882 in machine direction. Thermal analysis was carried out via differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to probe the morphology of phases, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to examine the interlayer distance of OMMT. Chemical characterization and interaction between materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The barrier property of films was determined by constant pressure/variable volume type permeation cell. Degradation and biodegradation were studied via Q-SUN Xenon test chamber and soil burial test, respectively. The study has shown the presence of OMMT enhanced the tensile modulus and barrier property of LDPE film by 46% and 80%, respectively. In addition, incorporation of ENR improved the Young‘s modulus and barrier properties of compatibilized nanocomposite films. Improvement in the degradation onset temperature (T- 10%) of nanocomposite films was observed with addition of 6wt% OMMT and ENR contents. The intercalation of OMMT regarding addition of LLDPE-g-MA into nanocomposites was confirmed by XRD. FTIR analysis has shown a formation of (C-O) ester bond; the driving force for intercalation between MA group of LLDPE-g-MA and epoxy group of ENR. Significant degradation took place through addition of OMMT and ENR as samples were highly fragile and broken. Biodegradation of films increased through addition of ENR. The most significant finding from this research is the development of eco-friendly nanocomposite film formulation with enhanced barrier properties. Based on tensile modulus, barrier and biodegradation properties, compatibilized nanocomposites film containing 7.5 wt% ENR (LDPE/OMMT/LLDPE-g-MA/ENR7.5) was the optimum formulation. The unique combination of tensile modulus, barrier and biodegradation properties for nanocomposite films has shown that this nanocomposite is a potential candidate for a variety of food packaging applications. 2015-08 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54757/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54757/1/SeyedAhmadAttaranPFKChE2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:94678 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Attaran, Seyed Ahmad Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
description	The demand for the development of high-performance packaging films and the equally growing environmental awareness have called for intensive research in the field of eco-friendly films with good mechanical and barrier properties. The present study investigates the use of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and organo modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in the development of low density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites films. The films were successfully prepared by first melt blending at 190 °C in a twin-screw extruder and then blown via single screw machine. Linear low density polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (LLDPE-g-MA), was used as compatibilizer to obtain better dispersion of nanoclay in the system. The nanocomposite films were prepared at different amounts of rubber from 2.5-10 wt%. The obtained nanocomposites were analyzed for tensile, thermal, morphology, gas permeability and degradation properties. The study of tensile properties of films was done via Lloyd 2.5 kN according to ASTM D882 in machine direction. Thermal analysis was carried out via differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to probe the morphology of phases, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to examine the interlayer distance of OMMT. Chemical characterization and interaction between materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The barrier property of films was determined by constant pressure/variable volume type permeation cell. Degradation and biodegradation were studied via Q-SUN Xenon test chamber and soil burial test, respectively. The study has shown the presence of OMMT enhanced the tensile modulus and barrier property of LDPE film by 46% and 80%, respectively. In addition, incorporation of ENR improved the Young‘s modulus and barrier properties of compatibilized nanocomposite films. Improvement in the degradation onset temperature (T- 10%) of nanocomposite films was observed with addition of 6wt% OMMT and ENR contents. The intercalation of OMMT regarding addition of LLDPE-g-MA into nanocomposites was confirmed by XRD. FTIR analysis has shown a formation of (C-O) ester bond; the driving force for intercalation between MA group of LLDPE-g-MA and epoxy group of ENR. Significant degradation took place through addition of OMMT and ENR as samples were highly fragile and broken. Biodegradation of films increased through addition of ENR. The most significant finding from this research is the development of eco-friendly nanocomposite film formulation with enhanced barrier properties. Based on tensile modulus, barrier and biodegradation properties, compatibilized nanocomposites film containing 7.5 wt% ENR (LDPE/OMMT/LLDPE-g-MA/ENR7.5) was the optimum formulation. The unique combination of tensile modulus, barrier and biodegradation properties for nanocomposite films has shown that this nanocomposite is a potential candidate for a variety of food packaging applications.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Attaran, Seyed Ahmad
author_facet	Attaran, Seyed Ahmad
author_sort	Attaran, Seyed Ahmad
title	Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
title_short	Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
title_full	Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
title_fullStr	Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
title_full_unstemmed	Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
title_sort	tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54757/1/SeyedAhmadAttaranPFKChE2015.pdf
_version_	1747817719354359808

Tensile, barrier, and degradation properties of low density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposite films

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