Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst

The synthesis of biodiesel from low cost feedstocks containing high free fatty acid is gradually gaining global acceptance as a worthwhile process route capable of keeping biodiesel production cost and its product price below that of petroleum diesel. The high free fatty acid content of these feedst...

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Main Author:	Waziri, Jibrin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60066/1/JibrinWaziriMFChE2016.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.600662017-10-08T07:58:31Z Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst 2016-03 Waziri, Jibrin TP Chemical technology The synthesis of biodiesel from low cost feedstocks containing high free fatty acid is gradually gaining global acceptance as a worthwhile process route capable of keeping biodiesel production cost and its product price below that of petroleum diesel. The high free fatty acid content of these feedstocks however makes them difficult to process using the conventional high activity base catalysts. Sulphuric acid has been widely employed in the esterification of oils containing high free fatty acids to produce biodiesel. However, the major demerits associated with the use of sulphuric acid are its corrosiveness and environmental unfriendliness. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from the individual methanolysis of oleic acid, and PFAD-oleic acid blend in the ratio 8:2 using sulfated titania-silica catalyst. This catalyst was prepared by reacting 0.5M solution of titanium isopropoxide with silica and then sulfated with 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The catalyst was then characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, BET, TGA, TPD - NH3 and FTIR respectively. The esterification was carried out in a three-neck round bottom flask and was well stirred. The variables investigated are molar ratio of oleic acid and PFAD-Oleic acid blend to methanol, catalyst loading and reaction time; while the reaction temperature and stirring rate were kept constant at 65 oC and 200 rpm respectively. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box Behnken design (BBD) to explicitly depict the interactions between the independent variables and the responses. The resulting biodiesel yield was determined using GC/FID and the conversion was determined through volumetric analysis. The optimum values predicted for methyl oleate yield and oleic acid conversion from the esterification of oleic acid are 81.04% and 92.14%. While the optimum values for methyl oleate yield, methyl palmitate yield and PFAD-oleic acid conversion obtained from the esterification of PFAD-oleic acid blend are 90.04%, 91.92% and 96.84% respectively. 2016-03 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60066/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60066/1/JibrinWaziriMFChE2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:93786 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Waziri, Jibrin Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
description	The synthesis of biodiesel from low cost feedstocks containing high free fatty acid is gradually gaining global acceptance as a worthwhile process route capable of keeping biodiesel production cost and its product price below that of petroleum diesel. The high free fatty acid content of these feedstocks however makes them difficult to process using the conventional high activity base catalysts. Sulphuric acid has been widely employed in the esterification of oils containing high free fatty acids to produce biodiesel. However, the major demerits associated with the use of sulphuric acid are its corrosiveness and environmental unfriendliness. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from the individual methanolysis of oleic acid, and PFAD-oleic acid blend in the ratio 8:2 using sulfated titania-silica catalyst. This catalyst was prepared by reacting 0.5M solution of titanium isopropoxide with silica and then sulfated with 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The catalyst was then characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, BET, TGA, TPD - NH3 and FTIR respectively. The esterification was carried out in a three-neck round bottom flask and was well stirred. The variables investigated are molar ratio of oleic acid and PFAD-Oleic acid blend to methanol, catalyst loading and reaction time; while the reaction temperature and stirring rate were kept constant at 65 oC and 200 rpm respectively. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box Behnken design (BBD) to explicitly depict the interactions between the independent variables and the responses. The resulting biodiesel yield was determined using GC/FID and the conversion was determined through volumetric analysis. The optimum values predicted for methyl oleate yield and oleic acid conversion from the esterification of oleic acid are 81.04% and 92.14%. While the optimum values for methyl oleate yield, methyl palmitate yield and PFAD-oleic acid conversion obtained from the esterification of PFAD-oleic acid blend are 90.04%, 91.92% and 96.84% respectively.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Waziri, Jibrin
author_facet	Waziri, Jibrin
author_sort	Waziri, Jibrin
title	Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
title_short	Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
title_full	Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
title_fullStr	Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
title_sort	esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60066/1/JibrinWaziriMFChE2016.pdf
_version_	1747817754525696000

Esterification of oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate-oleic acid blend using sulfated titania-silica catalyst

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