Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon

Biodiesel has been globally accepted as a substitute to diesel fuel, and is an ongoing subject for research. It is a fuel obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fat, and algal oil. Biodiesel is non- toxic, biodegradable, inflammable, and has a good combustion emission profile...

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Main Author:	Usman Aminu, Maryam
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60070/1/MaryamUsmanAminuMFChE2016.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.600702018-03-31T15:24:10Z Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon 2016-03 Usman Aminu, Maryam TP Chemical technology Biodiesel has been globally accepted as a substitute to diesel fuel, and is an ongoing subject for research. It is a fuel obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fat, and algal oil. Biodiesel is non- toxic, biodegradable, inflammable, and has a good combustion emission profile. Recently, the application of edible sources in the production of biodiesel has caused a lot of debate due the insecurity on food. Hence, the use of inedible and industrial waste sources such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and oleic acid (OA). Although, they could be the answer to a more economic biodiesel production due to their availability and low cost, their high free fatty acid (FFA) content causes biodiesel production to be expensive when homogeneous catalysts are used. Hence, the need for a heterogeneous acid catalyst, which is the most economically viable catalyst in the production of biodiesel from low cost feedstocks. In this work, the production of biodiesel (FAME) from oleic acid and PFAD/oleic acid mixed feed using a sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from glycerol was investigated. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using FTIR, BET, FESEM, XRD and TPDNH3 to determine its catalytic activity. Simultaneous esterification/ transesterification of oleic acid, and PFAD/oleic acid mixed feed were carried out using the synthesized catalyst. In addition, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design was used in optimization of the process variables to study the influence of molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid, and PFAD/Oleic acid mixed feed, catalyst loading and reaction time on the conversion and yield of FAME. For oleic acid conversion and yield, 99% and 97% were obtained respectively. While 98%, 94% and 96% were obtained as PFAD/oleic acid conversion, methyl oleate yield and methyl palmitate respectively. 2016-03 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60070/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60070/1/MaryamUsmanAminuMFChE2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:93814 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Usman Aminu, Maryam Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
description	Biodiesel has been globally accepted as a substitute to diesel fuel, and is an ongoing subject for research. It is a fuel obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fat, and algal oil. Biodiesel is non- toxic, biodegradable, inflammable, and has a good combustion emission profile. Recently, the application of edible sources in the production of biodiesel has caused a lot of debate due the insecurity on food. Hence, the use of inedible and industrial waste sources such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and oleic acid (OA). Although, they could be the answer to a more economic biodiesel production due to their availability and low cost, their high free fatty acid (FFA) content causes biodiesel production to be expensive when homogeneous catalysts are used. Hence, the need for a heterogeneous acid catalyst, which is the most economically viable catalyst in the production of biodiesel from low cost feedstocks. In this work, the production of biodiesel (FAME) from oleic acid and PFAD/oleic acid mixed feed using a sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from glycerol was investigated. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using FTIR, BET, FESEM, XRD and TPDNH3 to determine its catalytic activity. Simultaneous esterification/ transesterification of oleic acid, and PFAD/oleic acid mixed feed were carried out using the synthesized catalyst. In addition, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design was used in optimization of the process variables to study the influence of molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid, and PFAD/Oleic acid mixed feed, catalyst loading and reaction time on the conversion and yield of FAME. For oleic acid conversion and yield, 99% and 97% were obtained respectively. While 98%, 94% and 96% were obtained as PFAD/oleic acid conversion, methyl oleate yield and methyl palmitate respectively.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Usman Aminu, Maryam
author_facet	Usman Aminu, Maryam
author_sort	Usman Aminu, Maryam
title	Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
title_short	Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
title_full	Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
title_fullStr	Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
title_full_unstemmed	Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
title_sort	biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60070/1/MaryamUsmanAminuMFChE2016.pdf
_version_	1747817755512406016

Biodiesel production from oleic acid and palm fatty acid distillate/ oleic acid using sulfonated carbon

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