Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment

The quaternized cellulose derivatives (QCs) were synthesized through etherification reaction of cellulose extracted from waste newspaper (WNP) for water treatment. The cellulose was extracted from WNP by chemical treatment. The characterization results by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spec...

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Main Author:	Yusoff, Nor Aida
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60546/1/NorAidaYusoffMFChE2016.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.605462020-11-19T08:17:14Z Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment 2016-02 Yusoff, Nor Aida TP Chemical technology The quaternized cellulose derivatives (QCs) were synthesized through etherification reaction of cellulose extracted from waste newspaper (WNP) for water treatment. The cellulose was extracted from WNP by chemical treatment. The characterization results by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, x-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope show that the WNP properties changed after chemical treatment and the extracted product was confirmed cellulose. The QCs were homogeneously synthesized by reacting extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) using sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution as a reaction medium. The structure and properties of QCs were characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis. The results indicated that the QCs having various nitrogen content could be obtained by changing the molar ratio of cellulose unit to CHPTAC. The flocculation performance of the QCs was evaluated by using a synthetic kaolin suspension carried out using the standard jar test method at different coagulant/flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. It was found that the QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability as compared to other synthesized QCs for over a wide pH values. The rate constant (k) of the coagulation/flocculation kinetics increased with cationic content. The sludge specific resistance decreased with increasing coagulant/flocculant dosage. The coagulation/flocculation of the surface water shows that the QC-15 was effective for the removal of turbidity and total suspended solid as compared to biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and pH. These results demonstrated that the WNP cellulose can be used for the development of effective and eco-friendly coagulant/flocculants which have good potential applications in water treatment. 2016-02 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60546/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60546/1/NorAidaYusoffMFChE2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:93824 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Yusoff, Nor Aida Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
description	The quaternized cellulose derivatives (QCs) were synthesized through etherification reaction of cellulose extracted from waste newspaper (WNP) for water treatment. The cellulose was extracted from WNP by chemical treatment. The characterization results by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, x-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope show that the WNP properties changed after chemical treatment and the extracted product was confirmed cellulose. The QCs were homogeneously synthesized by reacting extracted cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) using sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution as a reaction medium. The structure and properties of QCs were characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis. The results indicated that the QCs having various nitrogen content could be obtained by changing the molar ratio of cellulose unit to CHPTAC. The flocculation performance of the QCs was evaluated by using a synthetic kaolin suspension carried out using the standard jar test method at different coagulant/flocculant dosages, kaolin concentrations, pH values, and settling times. It was found that the QC-15 exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability as compared to other synthesized QCs for over a wide pH values. The rate constant (k) of the coagulation/flocculation kinetics increased with cationic content. The sludge specific resistance decreased with increasing coagulant/flocculant dosage. The coagulation/flocculation of the surface water shows that the QC-15 was effective for the removal of turbidity and total suspended solid as compared to biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and pH. These results demonstrated that the WNP cellulose can be used for the development of effective and eco-friendly coagulant/flocculants which have good potential applications in water treatment.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Yusoff, Nor Aida
author_facet	Yusoff, Nor Aida
author_sort	Yusoff, Nor Aida
title	Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
title_short	Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
title_full	Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
title_fullStr	Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
title_sort	synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/60546/1/NorAidaYusoffMFChE2016.pdf
_version_	1747817757478486016

Synthesis and characterization of waste newspaper cellulose based flocculant for water treatment

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