Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality

Rapid development of aquaculture industry has contributed to the degradation of the coastal environment, and the waterways receiving effluent discharged. The wastewater contains high amount of excess nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS). Shrimp wastewater is rich in excretory waste products be...

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Main Author:	Baloo, Lavania
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77694/1/LavaniaBalooPFKA2015.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.776942018-06-29T21:29:25Z Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality 2015-03 Baloo, Lavania TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Rapid development of aquaculture industry has contributed to the degradation of the coastal environment, and the waterways receiving effluent discharged. The wastewater contains high amount of excess nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS). Shrimp wastewater is rich in excretory waste products because the cultured shrimps could assimilate only 23-31% nitrogen and 10-13% phosphorus of the total inputs. This significantly causes water quality deterioration, outbreaks of shrimp diseases and affect shrimp production. This study focused on biological treatment option using macroalgae to balance the negative impact to the ecosystem. Thereby, Gracilaria edulis and Ulva lactuca were selected and potential as biofilters to improve shrimp water quality has been tested and verified in several laboratory and outdoor tank-scale experiments. Biofiltration potential of macroalgae in outdoor tank shrimp wastewater recirculation system had demonstrated considerably high nutrient removal efficiencies for ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentrations such as 86%, 53% and 78% for G. edulis and 70%, 42% and 90% for U. lactuca, respectively. Furthermore, semi-closed circulation integrated multitrophic aquaculture treatment system fabricated at outdoor of laboratory with integration of tiger shrimp cultivation and treatment units such as sedimentation tank, green lipped mussel in a spray tank cultivation system and macroalgae tank. Sedimentation tank, reduced TSS, chlorophyll-a, and turbidity by 40%, 22% and 43%, respectively. Mussel system depicted reduction of 65%, 67% and 54.0%, respectively. Whereas, macroalgae had presented remarkable removal efficiencies for ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentrations by 98%, 79% and 89% for G. edulis and 85%, 63% and 96% for U. lactuca. Besides that, G. edulis had exhibited removal for total nitrogen (TN) by 40%. On the other hand, U. lactuca had shown greater removal for total phosphorus (TP) with 80% removal efficiency, followed by G. edulis by 62.0%. Tissue analysis had demonstrated that the final nitrogen content almost doubled than the initial value in both macroalgae. The final phosphorus content of the tissue in G. edulis has doubled and U. lactuca has shown an increase of about 1.5 times. In addition, the mean growth rate for G. edulis and U. lactuca were about 4.4 % d-1 and 3.7% d-1 respectively. The mean growth rate of shrimp in treatment tank was 1.31 ± 0.76 % d-1, doubled compared to control tank with 100% survival rate. Furthermore, maximum sustainable yield approach revealed the optimum macroalgae biomass for harvest to improve the performance of biofiltration capacity. Thus, G. edulis and U. lactuca are suitable as biofilters and potential applications of these findings include improvement of shrimp water quality to an acceptable level that ultimately enhance shrimp and macroalgae productivity besides produces an ecologically sustainable treatment and integrated system. 2015-03 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77694/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77694/1/LavaniaBalooPFKA2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:96383 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Baloo, Lavania Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
description	Rapid development of aquaculture industry has contributed to the degradation of the coastal environment, and the waterways receiving effluent discharged. The wastewater contains high amount of excess nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS). Shrimp wastewater is rich in excretory waste products because the cultured shrimps could assimilate only 23-31% nitrogen and 10-13% phosphorus of the total inputs. This significantly causes water quality deterioration, outbreaks of shrimp diseases and affect shrimp production. This study focused on biological treatment option using macroalgae to balance the negative impact to the ecosystem. Thereby, Gracilaria edulis and Ulva lactuca were selected and potential as biofilters to improve shrimp water quality has been tested and verified in several laboratory and outdoor tank-scale experiments. Biofiltration potential of macroalgae in outdoor tank shrimp wastewater recirculation system had demonstrated considerably high nutrient removal efficiencies for ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentrations such as 86%, 53% and 78% for G. edulis and 70%, 42% and 90% for U. lactuca, respectively. Furthermore, semi-closed circulation integrated multitrophic aquaculture treatment system fabricated at outdoor of laboratory with integration of tiger shrimp cultivation and treatment units such as sedimentation tank, green lipped mussel in a spray tank cultivation system and macroalgae tank. Sedimentation tank, reduced TSS, chlorophyll-a, and turbidity by 40%, 22% and 43%, respectively. Mussel system depicted reduction of 65%, 67% and 54.0%, respectively. Whereas, macroalgae had presented remarkable removal efficiencies for ammonium, nitrate and phosphate concentrations by 98%, 79% and 89% for G. edulis and 85%, 63% and 96% for U. lactuca. Besides that, G. edulis had exhibited removal for total nitrogen (TN) by 40%. On the other hand, U. lactuca had shown greater removal for total phosphorus (TP) with 80% removal efficiency, followed by G. edulis by 62.0%. Tissue analysis had demonstrated that the final nitrogen content almost doubled than the initial value in both macroalgae. The final phosphorus content of the tissue in G. edulis has doubled and U. lactuca has shown an increase of about 1.5 times. In addition, the mean growth rate for G. edulis and U. lactuca were about 4.4 % d-1 and 3.7% d-1 respectively. The mean growth rate of shrimp in treatment tank was 1.31 ± 0.76 % d-1, doubled compared to control tank with 100% survival rate. Furthermore, maximum sustainable yield approach revealed the optimum macroalgae biomass for harvest to improve the performance of biofiltration capacity. Thus, G. edulis and U. lactuca are suitable as biofilters and potential applications of these findings include improvement of shrimp water quality to an acceptable level that ultimately enhance shrimp and macroalgae productivity besides produces an ecologically sustainable treatment and integrated system.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Baloo, Lavania
author_facet	Baloo, Lavania
author_sort	Baloo, Lavania
title	Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
title_short	Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
title_full	Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
title_fullStr	Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
title_full_unstemmed	Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
title_sort	semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77694/1/LavaniaBalooPFKA2015.pdf
_version_	1747817809425989632

Semi-closed circulation integrated multi-trophic aquaculture treatment system using aquatic organisms as biofilters to improve shrimp effluent quality

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