In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed

In the current study, effectiveness of mixed enzymes, β-mannanase (Hemicell L-W) and phytase (Finase L) coating on goat pelleted feed was investigated using a simulated rumen. Feed incorporated with enzymes coating is believed to be a beneficial method for the delivery of enzymes to targeted digesti...

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Main Author:	Misbah, Maznah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77709/1/MaznahMisbahMFChE20161.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.777092018-06-29T21:29:46Z In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed 2016-12 Misbah, Maznah TP Chemical technology In the current study, effectiveness of mixed enzymes, β-mannanase (Hemicell L-W) and phytase (Finase L) coating on goat pelleted feed was investigated using a simulated rumen. Feed incorporated with enzymes coating is believed to be a beneficial method for the delivery of enzymes to targeted digestive areas. The coating effects were analyzed to understand the correlation of coating efficiency, profile of enzyme release and physical appearance. The coating process was conducted using a spray process. Freshly formulated basal ingredients consisted of palm kernel and wheat-based diet, were prepared using pelletizing method. After cooling, initial pellet and coated pellet were analyzed to determine the surface morphology and coating efficiency. The coated pellet from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a homogenous and smooth surface without any pores or cracks on its morphology. Micrographs from SEM showed that the coating was successfully segregated during spraying process. Cross-sectional morphology showed a thin plate-like characteristic with lots of twisting and turning routes that allow liquid to enter easily. The coated pellet surfaces showed a darker colour of brown (hue of red and green 4.10 ± 0.30, yellow and blue 14.70 ± 0.30, lightness 37.57 ± 0.51) compared with initial pellet (red and green 5.00 ± 0.35, yellow and blue 15.97 ± 0.25, lightness 39.43 ± 0.29) which demonstrates a significant difference (P<0.05) through colour measurement analysis. The difference was attributed to the original dark brown of mixed enzymes colour. In this study, the different absorbance values obtained between initial pellet and coated pellet indicated a high coating efficiency of 75 %. It indicated a high degree of protection in vitro in rumen. The thickness of coating detected had been infused at range of 195 to 269 ± 52 μm. The mixed enzyme showed a successful delayed on its release profile in simulated rumen fluid (pH of 6.8), whereby the release profile showed a constant discharged at an average of 8 % on coated pellet compared to the uncoated pellet. The highest peak of enzyme release was observed at 96.7 % after six hour. The high release profiles at 0 to 30 minutes on both uncoated and coated pellet at 16.6 % and 45.8 % were contributed from activation of enzymes on feed ingredients. The coated feed has improved the resistance time until it was transferred to the next phase of gut, abomasum. Results of surface morphology and coating efficiency provided valuable information for incorporation of enzymes coating into goat feed. 2016-12 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77709/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77709/1/MaznahMisbahMFChE20161.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105130 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Misbah, Maznah In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
description	In the current study, effectiveness of mixed enzymes, β-mannanase (Hemicell L-W) and phytase (Finase L) coating on goat pelleted feed was investigated using a simulated rumen. Feed incorporated with enzymes coating is believed to be a beneficial method for the delivery of enzymes to targeted digestive areas. The coating effects were analyzed to understand the correlation of coating efficiency, profile of enzyme release and physical appearance. The coating process was conducted using a spray process. Freshly formulated basal ingredients consisted of palm kernel and wheat-based diet, were prepared using pelletizing method. After cooling, initial pellet and coated pellet were analyzed to determine the surface morphology and coating efficiency. The coated pellet from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a homogenous and smooth surface without any pores or cracks on its morphology. Micrographs from SEM showed that the coating was successfully segregated during spraying process. Cross-sectional morphology showed a thin plate-like characteristic with lots of twisting and turning routes that allow liquid to enter easily. The coated pellet surfaces showed a darker colour of brown (hue of red and green 4.10 ± 0.30, yellow and blue 14.70 ± 0.30, lightness 37.57 ± 0.51) compared with initial pellet (red and green 5.00 ± 0.35, yellow and blue 15.97 ± 0.25, lightness 39.43 ± 0.29) which demonstrates a significant difference (P<0.05) through colour measurement analysis. The difference was attributed to the original dark brown of mixed enzymes colour. In this study, the different absorbance values obtained between initial pellet and coated pellet indicated a high coating efficiency of 75 %. It indicated a high degree of protection in vitro in rumen. The thickness of coating detected had been infused at range of 195 to 269 ± 52 μm. The mixed enzyme showed a successful delayed on its release profile in simulated rumen fluid (pH of 6.8), whereby the release profile showed a constant discharged at an average of 8 % on coated pellet compared to the uncoated pellet. The highest peak of enzyme release was observed at 96.7 % after six hour. The high release profiles at 0 to 30 minutes on both uncoated and coated pellet at 16.6 % and 45.8 % were contributed from activation of enzymes on feed ingredients. The coated feed has improved the resistance time until it was transferred to the next phase of gut, abomasum. Results of surface morphology and coating efficiency provided valuable information for incorporation of enzymes coating into goat feed.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Misbah, Maznah
author_facet	Misbah, Maznah
author_sort	Misbah, Maznah
title	In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
title_short	In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
title_full	In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
title_fullStr	In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
title_full_unstemmed	In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
title_sort	in vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77709/1/MaznahMisbahMFChE20161.pdf
_version_	1747817812639875072

In vitro release of enzymes and surfaces morphology of enzyme coated pelleted goat feed

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