Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment

Good ventilation system is important to provide fresh air and comfortable environment for passengers. Lack of fresh air inside a bus compartment may cause various illnesses such as headache, asthma, cardiovascular and lung cancer. Two factors influence the ventilation system effectiveness namely the...

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Main Author:	Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77791/1/NoorEmiliaAhmadPFKM2016.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.77791
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.777912018-07-04T11:44:27Z Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment 2016-03 Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Good ventilation system is important to provide fresh air and comfortable environment for passengers. Lack of fresh air inside a bus compartment may cause various illnesses such as headache, asthma, cardiovascular and lung cancer. Two factors influence the ventilation system effectiveness namely the arrangement of air supply diffusers and the air return grilles. This thesis presents a study on air contaminants inside a university’s bus passenger compartment. The goal is to find a suitable ventilation arrangement that can reduce the concentration of the air contaminants. First a field measurement was carried out on a selected bus to measure the air contaminants at the front section, middle section and rear section. The contaminants include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde and particulate matter. Then computational fluid dynamics flow analyses were carried out on simplified model of the bus compartment employing renormalization group k-ε model for air flow, species transport for gases and discrete phase for particles. Five cases of ventilation arrangements were considered namely displacement ventilation with two air return grilles, underfloor air distribution with two air return grilles, mixing ventilation with four air return grilles, displacement ventilation with four air return grilles and underfloor air distribution with four air return grilles. It was found from the field measurements that the concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, particulate matter 1, particulate matter 2.5 and particulate matter 10 were 7 ppm, 1102 ppm, 0.18 ppm, 52 μg/m3, 52 μg/m3 and 51 μg/m3, respectively. Results of flow simulations show that the underfloor air distribution with four air return grilles is able to reduce the contaminants concentration inside the passenger compartment. On average, the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, particulate matter 1, particulate matter 2.5 and particulate matter 10 were reduced by about 40%, 10%, 38%, 37%, 33% and 30%, respectively. 2016-03 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77791/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77791/1/NoorEmiliaAhmadPFKM2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:98191 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
description	Good ventilation system is important to provide fresh air and comfortable environment for passengers. Lack of fresh air inside a bus compartment may cause various illnesses such as headache, asthma, cardiovascular and lung cancer. Two factors influence the ventilation system effectiveness namely the arrangement of air supply diffusers and the air return grilles. This thesis presents a study on air contaminants inside a university’s bus passenger compartment. The goal is to find a suitable ventilation arrangement that can reduce the concentration of the air contaminants. First a field measurement was carried out on a selected bus to measure the air contaminants at the front section, middle section and rear section. The contaminants include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde and particulate matter. Then computational fluid dynamics flow analyses were carried out on simplified model of the bus compartment employing renormalization group k-ε model for air flow, species transport for gases and discrete phase for particles. Five cases of ventilation arrangements were considered namely displacement ventilation with two air return grilles, underfloor air distribution with two air return grilles, mixing ventilation with four air return grilles, displacement ventilation with four air return grilles and underfloor air distribution with four air return grilles. It was found from the field measurements that the concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, particulate matter 1, particulate matter 2.5 and particulate matter 10 were 7 ppm, 1102 ppm, 0.18 ppm, 52 μg/m3, 52 μg/m3 and 51 μg/m3, respectively. Results of flow simulations show that the underfloor air distribution with four air return grilles is able to reduce the contaminants concentration inside the passenger compartment. On average, the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, particulate matter 1, particulate matter 2.5 and particulate matter 10 were reduced by about 40%, 10%, 38%, 37%, 33% and 30%, respectively.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia
author_facet	Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia
author_sort	Ahmad Shafie, Noor Emilia
title	Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
title_short	Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
title_full	Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
title_fullStr	Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
title_full_unstemmed	Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
title_sort	reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77791/1/NoorEmiliaAhmadPFKM2016.pdf
_version_	1747817831870758912

Reducing indoor air contaminants inside a campus bus passenger compartment

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