Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst

The research described in this thesis is an attempt to synthesize floating catalyst to be used in phase-boundary catalysis for liquid-gas reaction. It is also an attempt to determine the effective location of catalytic active sites in phase-boundary catalyst for immiscible liquid-liquid reaction. Ph...

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Main Author:	Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77809/1/NurHidayahMohdPFS2014.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.778092018-07-04T11:46:07Z Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst 2014-12 Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah QD Chemistry The research described in this thesis is an attempt to synthesize floating catalyst to be used in phase-boundary catalysis for liquid-gas reaction. It is also an attempt to determine the effective location of catalytic active sites in phase-boundary catalyst for immiscible liquid-liquid reaction. Phase-boundary catalysis (PBC) is a heterogeneous catalytic reaction in which the catalyst particles are located at the interphase of either immiscible liquid-liquid or liquid-gas phases. In this research, gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania was successfully synthesized. The synthesis steps involved hydrothermal synthesis of carbon sphere from sucrose as the template, coating of the carbon sphere with titania, removal of the carbon sphere to produce hollow titania, followed by coating of polystyrene on the surface of hollow titania and the attachment of gold nanoparticles. The results showed that the size of the carbon spheres increased when the concentration of the sucrose increased. The hollow titania obtained by carbon sphere template was found to have smaller diameter than its template and was in the anatase phase. Polystyrene was coated on hollow titania by in-situ polymerization of styrene with aqueous H2O2, while gold was deposited by sputtering deposition technique on the surface of polystyrene-coated hollow titania. It has been demonstrated that gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania can float on water due to its low density and it is a potential catalyst for liquid–gas boundary catalysis in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by using molecular oxygen. In this study, some aspects in the determination of the effective location of active sites of PBC in immiscible liquid-liquid system were also studied using NaY, HZSM-5 and TS-1 zeolites as the catalysts in the oxidation of 1-octene and hydroxylation of cyclohexene using aqueous H2O2. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that the effective location of active sites is located on the external surface of zeolites. 2014-12 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77809/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77809/1/NurHidayahMohdPFS2014.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:98535 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
description	The research described in this thesis is an attempt to synthesize floating catalyst to be used in phase-boundary catalysis for liquid-gas reaction. It is also an attempt to determine the effective location of catalytic active sites in phase-boundary catalyst for immiscible liquid-liquid reaction. Phase-boundary catalysis (PBC) is a heterogeneous catalytic reaction in which the catalyst particles are located at the interphase of either immiscible liquid-liquid or liquid-gas phases. In this research, gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania was successfully synthesized. The synthesis steps involved hydrothermal synthesis of carbon sphere from sucrose as the template, coating of the carbon sphere with titania, removal of the carbon sphere to produce hollow titania, followed by coating of polystyrene on the surface of hollow titania and the attachment of gold nanoparticles. The results showed that the size of the carbon spheres increased when the concentration of the sucrose increased. The hollow titania obtained by carbon sphere template was found to have smaller diameter than its template and was in the anatase phase. Polystyrene was coated on hollow titania by in-situ polymerization of styrene with aqueous H2O2, while gold was deposited by sputtering deposition technique on the surface of polystyrene-coated hollow titania. It has been demonstrated that gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania can float on water due to its low density and it is a potential catalyst for liquid–gas boundary catalysis in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by using molecular oxygen. In this study, some aspects in the determination of the effective location of active sites of PBC in immiscible liquid-liquid system were also studied using NaY, HZSM-5 and TS-1 zeolites as the catalysts in the oxidation of 1-octene and hydroxylation of cyclohexene using aqueous H2O2. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that the effective location of active sites is located on the external surface of zeolites.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah
author_facet	Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah
author_sort	Mohd. Ran, Nur Hidayah
title	Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
title_short	Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
title_full	Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
title_fullStr	Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
title_sort	liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2014
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77809/1/NurHidayahMohdPFS2014.pdf
_version_	1747817836292603904

Liquid-gas boundary catalysis by gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania and the effective location of active sites in liquid-liquid phase-boundary catalyst

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