Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment

A new polyacrylamide grafted cellulose (PAM-g-cellulose) was successfully synthesised by using microwave assisted synthesis method. Cellulose was extracted from Pandan leaves by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments. The determination of chemical composition was done which covers the percenta...

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Main Author:	Yahya, Noor Yahida
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78298/1/NoorYahidaYahyaMFCHE20141.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.782982018-08-12T03:48:58Z Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment 2014-01 Yahya, Noor Yahida TP Chemical technology A new polyacrylamide grafted cellulose (PAM-g-cellulose) was successfully synthesised by using microwave assisted synthesis method. Cellulose was extracted from Pandan leaves by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments. The determination of chemical composition was done which covers the percentage of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) were conducted to the raw Pandan leaves and extracted cellulose. For grafting synthesis study, the highest grafting percentage was achieved at 170%. The best grafted sample (i.e. highest percentage) then was characterized using SEM and FTIR. The PAM was successfully grafted onto the backbone of cellulose as confirmed by SEM and FTIR results. The grafting mechanism involved a synergism of microwave radiation and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as chemical free radical initiator to initiate the free radical grafting reaction. The flocculation studies of the developed grafted copolymers have been evaluated in synthetic dye (Reactive Black 5 (RB5)) suspension. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were employed to explore the relationship of process variables (i.e. initial dye concentration, flocculant dosage and pH) on percentage reduction of initial dye concentration and COD level of RB5 dye as well as to find the optimum process condition. The flocculant dosage and pH were the most significant factors in affecting the degree of flocculation efficiency. The optimum condition for reduction of initial dye concentration and COD were achieved at initial dye concentration of 0.03 g/l, flocculant dosage of 0.06 g and pH 11.72. Under this condition, the reduction of initial dye concentration and COD were 23.51% and 54.24%, respectively. 2014-01 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78298/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78298/1/NoorYahidaYahyaMFCHE20141.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:80022 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Yahya, Noor Yahida Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
description	A new polyacrylamide grafted cellulose (PAM-g-cellulose) was successfully synthesised by using microwave assisted synthesis method. Cellulose was extracted from Pandan leaves by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments. The determination of chemical composition was done which covers the percentage of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) were conducted to the raw Pandan leaves and extracted cellulose. For grafting synthesis study, the highest grafting percentage was achieved at 170%. The best grafted sample (i.e. highest percentage) then was characterized using SEM and FTIR. The PAM was successfully grafted onto the backbone of cellulose as confirmed by SEM and FTIR results. The grafting mechanism involved a synergism of microwave radiation and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as chemical free radical initiator to initiate the free radical grafting reaction. The flocculation studies of the developed grafted copolymers have been evaluated in synthetic dye (Reactive Black 5 (RB5)) suspension. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were employed to explore the relationship of process variables (i.e. initial dye concentration, flocculant dosage and pH) on percentage reduction of initial dye concentration and COD level of RB5 dye as well as to find the optimum process condition. The flocculant dosage and pH were the most significant factors in affecting the degree of flocculation efficiency. The optimum condition for reduction of initial dye concentration and COD were achieved at initial dye concentration of 0.03 g/l, flocculant dosage of 0.06 g and pH 11.72. Under this condition, the reduction of initial dye concentration and COD were 23.51% and 54.24%, respectively.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Yahya, Noor Yahida
author_facet	Yahya, Noor Yahida
author_sort	Yahya, Noor Yahida
title	Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
title_short	Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
title_full	Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
title_fullStr	Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
title_sort	extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2014
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78298/1/NoorYahidaYahyaMFCHE20141.pdf
_version_	1747817955330097152

Extraction, characterization and application of cellulose from pandan leaves as grafted flocculant for dyes treatment

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