Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata

This research was focused on green solid-liquid extraction (SLE), one of the most crucial stages for the upstream phytochemical processing because the extracted product would affect the quality of finished product. The influence of process variables for green SLE of andrographolide from Andrographis...

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Main Author:	Abubakar, Umar Isah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78620/1/UmarIsahAbubakarPFChE2016.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.786202018-08-29T07:53:06Z Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata 2016-04 Abubakar, Umar Isah TP Chemical technology This research was focused on green solid-liquid extraction (SLE), one of the most crucial stages for the upstream phytochemical processing because the extracted product would affect the quality of finished product. The influence of process variables for green SLE of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (AP) was investigated through exploratory experimentation using a 2 complete factorial experimental design, and a rotatable central composite design (RCCD). The main and interaction effects of the solid-liquid ratio (1/50 - 5/50 mg/L), average particle size (0.175 - 1.200 mm), time (5 - 25 minutes), and temperature (80 - 120 °C) were examined. The process was studied under isothermal condition at 80°C, and other temperatures; 100 °C and 120 °C in a pressurized liquid extractor using water as the greenest solvent. The multiple objectives for the green SLE of andrographolide from AP were simultaneously optimized using the RCCD technique coupled with desirability and penalty functions based on the concepts of extraction yield, and new developed techniques for extraction selectivity of andrographolide. The extraction kinetics was found to follow the second-order rate law. As the particle size decreases and solid-liquid ratio increases, the observed specific extraction rate constant, kobs, and the initial rate of solid-liquid extraction of andrographolide, rB0 significantly increase. It was found at 80 °C that kobs increased to nearly twofold from 0.000653 to 0.00128 Lmg-1min-1 for the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL when particle size was decreased from 1.200 to 0.175 mm. Besides, it increased to more than fivefold, 0.00344 Lmg-1min-1 and virtually fourfold, 0.00496 Lmg-1min-1 for particle sizes of 1.200 and 0.175 mm, respectively when the solid-liquid ratio was increased to 1:50 g/mL. kobs increased for a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL to more than 143 times, 1.10 X 10-1 Lmg-1min-1 and nearly 221 times, 7.22 X 10-1 Lmg-1min-1 for a solidliquid ratio of 1:50 g/mL when temperature was raised from 80 °C to 100 °C, and 120 °C. Hence, kobs, and the activation energy, Ea significantly increased with a decrease in particle size and an increase in solid-liquid ratio and temperature. 2016-04 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78620/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78620/1/UmarIsahAbubakarPFChE2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:97183 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Abubakar, Umar Isah Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
description	This research was focused on green solid-liquid extraction (SLE), one of the most crucial stages for the upstream phytochemical processing because the extracted product would affect the quality of finished product. The influence of process variables for green SLE of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (AP) was investigated through exploratory experimentation using a 2 complete factorial experimental design, and a rotatable central composite design (RCCD). The main and interaction effects of the solid-liquid ratio (1/50 - 5/50 mg/L), average particle size (0.175 - 1.200 mm), time (5 - 25 minutes), and temperature (80 - 120 °C) were examined. The process was studied under isothermal condition at 80°C, and other temperatures; 100 °C and 120 °C in a pressurized liquid extractor using water as the greenest solvent. The multiple objectives for the green SLE of andrographolide from AP were simultaneously optimized using the RCCD technique coupled with desirability and penalty functions based on the concepts of extraction yield, and new developed techniques for extraction selectivity of andrographolide. The extraction kinetics was found to follow the second-order rate law. As the particle size decreases and solid-liquid ratio increases, the observed specific extraction rate constant, kobs, and the initial rate of solid-liquid extraction of andrographolide, rB0 significantly increase. It was found at 80 °C that kobs increased to nearly twofold from 0.000653 to 0.00128 Lmg-1min-1 for the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL when particle size was decreased from 1.200 to 0.175 mm. Besides, it increased to more than fivefold, 0.00344 Lmg-1min-1 and virtually fourfold, 0.00496 Lmg-1min-1 for particle sizes of 1.200 and 0.175 mm, respectively when the solid-liquid ratio was increased to 1:50 g/mL. kobs increased for a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL to more than 143 times, 1.10 X 10-1 Lmg-1min-1 and nearly 221 times, 7.22 X 10-1 Lmg-1min-1 for a solidliquid ratio of 1:50 g/mL when temperature was raised from 80 °C to 100 °C, and 120 °C. Hence, kobs, and the activation energy, Ea significantly increased with a decrease in particle size and an increase in solid-liquid ratio and temperature.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abubakar, Umar Isah
author_facet	Abubakar, Umar Isah
author_sort	Abubakar, Umar Isah
title	Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
title_short	Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
title_full	Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
title_fullStr	Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata
title_sort	optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from andrographis paniculata
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78620/1/UmarIsahAbubakarPFChE2016.pdf
_version_	1747818030237220864

Optimization and kinetics of green pressurized-liquid extraction for andrographolide from Andrographis Paniculata

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