Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant

Hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber (HTENR) was synthesized via oxidative degradation method to produce a low molecular weight rubber intended for use as a binder for solid rocket propellant. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was depolymerized via chemical degradation method using cobalt (II...

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Main Author:	Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78838/1/NorErmaShuhadahPFChE2016TH.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.788382018-09-17T04:21:05Z Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant 2016-08 Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah TP Chemical technology Hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber (HTENR) was synthesized via oxidative degradation method to produce a low molecular weight rubber intended for use as a binder for solid rocket propellant. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was depolymerized via chemical degradation method using cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (CAA) as the oxidizing agent, followed by treatment with sodium borohydride as a reducing agent to introduce hydroxyl (OH) functional group at both chain ends. The reaction times and the amount of oxidizing agent were varied from 1 h to 20 h and 1% to 5% w/w of CAA respectively in order to obtain the low molecular weight of HTENR. The molecular weight of HTENR was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The lowest molecular weight of HTENR was achieved at 3% w/w of CAA after 5 hours reaction time at 60oC where Mn and Mw were 34000 g/mol and 62000 g/mol respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed that HTENR contained OH group with the appearance of a broad peak around 3200-3600 cm-1 after the reaction. The presence of OH end groups was verified by NMR analysis with the appearance of two peaks at 3.38 ppm and 3.88 ppm corresponding to methylene proton adjacent to hydroxyl group in HOCH2CH2CH2- and methine proton adjacent to OH group in –CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3, respectively. HTENR with different Mn were used to produce propellant and its burning rate and calorific value were compared with HTPB based propellant as a reference. Although HTENR based propellant produced a slightly lower burning rate compared to that of HTPB based propellant, its combustion energy produced was relatively similar to HTPB based propellant. Therefore, it is expected that HTENR is suitable to be used as a binder in solid rocket propellant. 2016-08 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78838/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78838/1/NorErmaShuhadahPFChE2016TH.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105967 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
description	Hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber (HTENR) was synthesized via oxidative degradation method to produce a low molecular weight rubber intended for use as a binder for solid rocket propellant. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was depolymerized via chemical degradation method using cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (CAA) as the oxidizing agent, followed by treatment with sodium borohydride as a reducing agent to introduce hydroxyl (OH) functional group at both chain ends. The reaction times and the amount of oxidizing agent were varied from 1 h to 20 h and 1% to 5% w/w of CAA respectively in order to obtain the low molecular weight of HTENR. The molecular weight of HTENR was determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The lowest molecular weight of HTENR was achieved at 3% w/w of CAA after 5 hours reaction time at 60oC where Mn and Mw were 34000 g/mol and 62000 g/mol respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed that HTENR contained OH group with the appearance of a broad peak around 3200-3600 cm-1 after the reaction. The presence of OH end groups was verified by NMR analysis with the appearance of two peaks at 3.38 ppm and 3.88 ppm corresponding to methylene proton adjacent to hydroxyl group in HOCH2CH2CH2- and methine proton adjacent to OH group in –CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3, respectively. HTENR with different Mn were used to produce propellant and its burning rate and calorific value were compared with HTPB based propellant as a reference. Although HTENR based propellant produced a slightly lower burning rate compared to that of HTPB based propellant, its combustion energy produced was relatively similar to HTPB based propellant. Therefore, it is expected that HTENR is suitable to be used as a binder in solid rocket propellant.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah
author_facet	Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah
author_sort	Abdul Razak, Nor Erma Shuhadah
title	Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
title_short	Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
title_full	Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
title_fullStr	Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
title_sort	synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78838/1/NorErmaShuhadahPFChE2016TH.pdf
_version_	1747818083700965376

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber as a binder for solid rocket propellant

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