Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production

Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulos...

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Main Author:	Rezania, Shahabaldin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.789802018-09-19T05:21:30Z Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production 2016 Rezania, Shahabaldin TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource can be replaced with fossil fuels. In this research, the lignocellulosic aquatic plant, water hyacinth (WH) was propagated in fabricated tanks to evaluate wastewater purification and ethanol production efficiency. Wastewater treatment was performed in two modes (batch and continuous) and the results were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The matured plants were harvested at maximum growth rate with the highest sugar content. Then, the WH was dried, and four pretreatments, namely ionic liquid, acidic, alkali and microwave-alkali were performed to obtain optimum carbohydrates content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used for compositional and structural analysis on WH before and after pretreatments. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was performed to obtain a high level of sugars which could be converted into ethanol. In the fermentation process, the inoculation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and commercial cellulase enzyme from (Aspergillus niger) were used. Total reducing sugar and ethanol concentration were measured by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method and gas chromatography. In the batch system, some parameters such as pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO3 -4), nitrate (NO3 -), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced and the water quality has improved from class III to II. In the continuous system, the removal efficiency 38% to 96% of ten parameters was obtained. The highest ethanol yield was produced by alkali-treated WH with 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L with 0.12 g/g WH/ethanol in 48 hours followed by microwave-alkali, acid and ionic liquid pretreatments. 2016 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105968 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Rezania, Shahabaldin Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
description	Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource can be replaced with fossil fuels. In this research, the lignocellulosic aquatic plant, water hyacinth (WH) was propagated in fabricated tanks to evaluate wastewater purification and ethanol production efficiency. Wastewater treatment was performed in two modes (batch and continuous) and the results were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The matured plants were harvested at maximum growth rate with the highest sugar content. Then, the WH was dried, and four pretreatments, namely ionic liquid, acidic, alkali and microwave-alkali were performed to obtain optimum carbohydrates content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used for compositional and structural analysis on WH before and after pretreatments. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was performed to obtain a high level of sugars which could be converted into ethanol. In the fermentation process, the inoculation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and commercial cellulase enzyme from (Aspergillus niger) were used. Total reducing sugar and ethanol concentration were measured by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method and gas chromatography. In the batch system, some parameters such as pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO3 -4), nitrate (NO3 -), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced and the water quality has improved from class III to II. In the continuous system, the removal efficiency 38% to 96% of ten parameters was obtained. The highest ethanol yield was produced by alkali-treated WH with 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L with 0.12 g/g WH/ethanol in 48 hours followed by microwave-alkali, acid and ionic liquid pretreatments.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Rezania, Shahabaldin
author_facet	Rezania, Shahabaldin
author_sort	Rezania, Shahabaldin
title	Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_short	Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_full	Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_fullStr	Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_full_unstemmed	Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_sort	application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf
_version_	1747818118573457408

Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production

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