Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system

Rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization are contributing to the large-scale increase of water demand in Malaysia. The present scheme of inter-state water transfer to meet the increasing demand is unsustainable. It is expected that Johor, Malaysia will face water shortages after...

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Main Author:	Hudzori, Afzan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79211/1/AfzanHudzoriPFKM2017.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.792112018-10-14T08:39:27Z Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system 2017 Hudzori, Afzan TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization are contributing to the large-scale increase of water demand in Malaysia. The present scheme of inter-state water transfer to meet the increasing demand is unsustainable. It is expected that Johor, Malaysia will face water shortages after 2025. Hence, a new source of water needs to be identified to meet the water demand. Many studies have been done to tackle the issue of water shortage using small scale rainwater harvesting. However, there should be a study on large scale rainwater harvesting systems (LSRWHS) that could provide better economic and environmental benefits because of the ability to mitigate both water scarcity and flood issues in urban areas. An optimization model for systematic design and planning to determine the optimal sizing and network design for LSRWHS to meet the regional supply-demand distribution at minimum cost has been proposed in this research for variation of water supply and demand. A case study of Nusajaya, Johor with the rainfall daily data for 20 years collected from 200 houses rooftop was employed in this research. This thesis introduces three main contributions. (1) A methodology to determine an optimal water storage tank and total outsourced water utility supply required using a new numerical technique (graphical technique) named as Rain Water Harvesting Pinch Analysis (RAGPA). (2) A mathematical model approach to determine an optimal water storage tank to satisfy consistent water demand. The results in the first and second objectives were then used to validate the effectiveness of both methodologies. (3) A spatial planning and scheduling mathematical model for LSRWHS to satisfy inconsistent water demand and determine an optimal location for the construction of LSRWHS. It was found that the optimal size of storage tank based on 20 years rainfall data was 617 m3 using a numerical method and as proposed in the first methodology. This finding shows a very good agreement using the mathematical method with less than 2% error. For third methodology result, it was found that the minimum cost system was RM 475 437 with the optimal size of storage tank 727 m3.The optimizer tend to selects location with the shortest distance of pipe length and larger area as the optimal location for LSRWHS. Sensitivity analysis was further performing by modifying the water demand, roof area collection and water utility cost. The result generated shows area of rooftop and water demand play an important role in the economic analysis. The application of all new methodologies has demonstrated the applicability of the model to design an optimal rainwater harvesting system to face water scarcity problem in future and provide relatively clean, reliable water to people in need. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79211/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79211/1/AfzanHudzoriPFKM2017.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Hudzori, Afzan Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
description	Rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization are contributing to the large-scale increase of water demand in Malaysia. The present scheme of inter-state water transfer to meet the increasing demand is unsustainable. It is expected that Johor, Malaysia will face water shortages after 2025. Hence, a new source of water needs to be identified to meet the water demand. Many studies have been done to tackle the issue of water shortage using small scale rainwater harvesting. However, there should be a study on large scale rainwater harvesting systems (LSRWHS) that could provide better economic and environmental benefits because of the ability to mitigate both water scarcity and flood issues in urban areas. An optimization model for systematic design and planning to determine the optimal sizing and network design for LSRWHS to meet the regional supply-demand distribution at minimum cost has been proposed in this research for variation of water supply and demand. A case study of Nusajaya, Johor with the rainfall daily data for 20 years collected from 200 houses rooftop was employed in this research. This thesis introduces three main contributions. (1) A methodology to determine an optimal water storage tank and total outsourced water utility supply required using a new numerical technique (graphical technique) named as Rain Water Harvesting Pinch Analysis (RAGPA). (2) A mathematical model approach to determine an optimal water storage tank to satisfy consistent water demand. The results in the first and second objectives were then used to validate the effectiveness of both methodologies. (3) A spatial planning and scheduling mathematical model for LSRWHS to satisfy inconsistent water demand and determine an optimal location for the construction of LSRWHS. It was found that the optimal size of storage tank based on 20 years rainfall data was 617 m3 using a numerical method and as proposed in the first methodology. This finding shows a very good agreement using the mathematical method with less than 2% error. For third methodology result, it was found that the minimum cost system was RM 475 437 with the optimal size of storage tank 727 m3.The optimizer tend to selects location with the shortest distance of pipe length and larger area as the optimal location for LSRWHS. Sensitivity analysis was further performing by modifying the water demand, roof area collection and water utility cost. The result generated shows area of rooftop and water demand play an important role in the economic analysis. The application of all new methodologies has demonstrated the applicability of the model to design an optimal rainwater harvesting system to face water scarcity problem in future and provide relatively clean, reliable water to people in need.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Hudzori, Afzan
author_facet	Hudzori, Afzan
author_sort	Hudzori, Afzan
title	Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
title_short	Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
title_full	Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
title_fullStr	Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
title_sort	optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79211/1/AfzanHudzoriPFKM2017.pdf
_version_	1747818173170712576

Optimization model of large scale rainwater harvesting system

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