Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization

The high level of sulfur in fuel has contributed to the emission of sulfur oxide (SOx) which is a major cause of air pollution, acid rain and global warming. Among desulfurization techniques, photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) has received much attention due to low energy consumption, h...

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Main Author:	Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79263/1/CheKuNorLianaPFKM2017.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.792632018-10-14T08:39:59Z Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization 2017 Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery The high level of sulfur in fuel has contributed to the emission of sulfur oxide (SOx) which is a major cause of air pollution, acid rain and global warming. Among desulfurization techniques, photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) has received much attention due to low energy consumption, high efficiency and ability to convert toxic organic pollutants into non-toxic products. Coupling of the widely used titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst with other semiconductor oxides can produce superior catalyst with a good interaction, appropriate amount of defects and narrower band gap for efficient photoactivity. Amorphous TiO2 has experienced intensive advances due to larger surface area, high amount of surface defects, as well as easy preparation method. In this study, copper oxide supported on amorphous titanium dioxide (CuO/TiO2) catalysts were prepared via the electrochemical method. The catalysts were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The effects of using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) or titanium (IV) butoxide (TBOT) for synthesizing the amorphous TiO2 (AT) and different copper (Cu) loading (5-20 wt%) were investigated on PODS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). ATTBOT showed a higher photoactivity than ATTTIP due to the presence of larger pore diameter and pore volume for adsorption of more DBT molecules, thus enhancing the activity. The loading of 5-20 wt% CuO onto ATTBOT (CATTBOT) further increased the activity due to the narrow band gap and the presence of Ti-O-C, O-Ti-C, O-Ti-N and Ti-O-Cu bonds that play a role as electron acceptor and transporter. Among all the catalysts, 15 wt% CuO/ATTTIP (15 CATTTIP) showed the best photooxidation percentage of 51.2%, due to the lower band gap, suitable amount of defects, the existence of high amount of Ti-O-Cu and Ti-O-N/O-Ti-N bonds, as well as synergistic effect between Cu and N. Optimization using the Response Surface Methodology gave the best PODS of DBT at the optimum conditions of 100 mg L-1 using 0.8 g L-1 of 15 CATTTIP that was reasonably close to the predicted value. The high PODS using 15 CATTTIP during reusability study and application on simulated oil indicate the potential of the catalyst for sulfur removal in industry. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79263/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79263/1/CheKuNorLianaPFKM2017.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
description	The high level of sulfur in fuel has contributed to the emission of sulfur oxide (SOx) which is a major cause of air pollution, acid rain and global warming. Among desulfurization techniques, photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) has received much attention due to low energy consumption, high efficiency and ability to convert toxic organic pollutants into non-toxic products. Coupling of the widely used titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst with other semiconductor oxides can produce superior catalyst with a good interaction, appropriate amount of defects and narrower band gap for efficient photoactivity. Amorphous TiO2 has experienced intensive advances due to larger surface area, high amount of surface defects, as well as easy preparation method. In this study, copper oxide supported on amorphous titanium dioxide (CuO/TiO2) catalysts were prepared via the electrochemical method. The catalysts were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The effects of using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) or titanium (IV) butoxide (TBOT) for synthesizing the amorphous TiO2 (AT) and different copper (Cu) loading (5-20 wt%) were investigated on PODS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). ATTBOT showed a higher photoactivity than ATTTIP due to the presence of larger pore diameter and pore volume for adsorption of more DBT molecules, thus enhancing the activity. The loading of 5-20 wt% CuO onto ATTBOT (CATTBOT) further increased the activity due to the narrow band gap and the presence of Ti-O-C, O-Ti-C, O-Ti-N and Ti-O-Cu bonds that play a role as electron acceptor and transporter. Among all the catalysts, 15 wt% CuO/ATTTIP (15 CATTTIP) showed the best photooxidation percentage of 51.2%, due to the lower band gap, suitable amount of defects, the existence of high amount of Ti-O-Cu and Ti-O-N/O-Ti-N bonds, as well as synergistic effect between Cu and N. Optimization using the Response Surface Methodology gave the best PODS of DBT at the optimum conditions of 100 mg L-1 using 0.8 g L-1 of 15 CATTTIP that was reasonably close to the predicted value. The high PODS using 15 CATTTIP during reusability study and application on simulated oil indicate the potential of the catalyst for sulfur removal in industry.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana
author_facet	Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana
author_sort	Che Ku Hitam, Che Ku Nor Liana
title	Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
title_short	Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
title_full	Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
title_fullStr	Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
title_full_unstemmed	Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
title_sort	electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79263/1/CheKuNorLianaPFKM2017.pdf
_version_	1747818185960194048

Electrosynthesis of copper oxide supported on amorphous titanum dioxide nanoparticles based catalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization

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