Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase

The deterioration of water quality has raised serious safety concerns due to the discharge of chlorinated industrial wastes such as 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are highly toxic and cause dangerous effects on human health. The polluted water is usually treated...

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Main Author:	K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79491/1/RenugambaalKNadarajanPFS2017.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.794912018-10-31T12:41:48Z Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase 2017 K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal QD Chemistry The deterioration of water quality has raised serious safety concerns due to the discharge of chlorinated industrial wastes such as 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are highly toxic and cause dangerous effects on human health. The polluted water is usually treated using adsorption method, Fenton, ozonation and photocatalysis. Among these methods, photocatalysis is the most promising technique for the easy decomposition of pollutants in the presence of suitable photocatalyst. Hence, in this research, a series of titania based photocatalysts have been prepared and were utilized to investigate its efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation of DCB in aqueous solution. The influence of catalyst preparation methods (sol-gel, sol-immobilization and mechanical mixing) were explored under different calcination temperatures, ratios and a light source. Further, the potential photocatalyst was then investigated by hydrothermal and hydrogenation techniques. Relatively, trimetallic oxide SnO2/WO3/TiO2 (10:10:80) prepared by mechanical mixing of hydrothermal SnO2, WO3, TiO2 calcined at 850°C, 850°C and 950°C respectively, exhibited the highest degradation of 98.43% under visible light irradiation at the DCB concentration of 100 ppm. The high activity of mechanically mixed hydrothermal trimetallic oxide Sn850/W850/T950 (10:10:80)HY was associated with the exposed surface with edges as observed in the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) morphologies, and also the presence of Ti3+ analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The existence of surface defects was further confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The reduction in the band gap energy of the trimetallic oxide and the absorption shift towards the visible light region was observed in the absorption band edge using diffuse reflectance-ultraviolet visible (DRUV) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirmed the absence of an interface gap between the metal oxides which is beneficial for the occurrence of charge transfer and enhancement of the activity. The effectiveness of this photocatalyst when immobilized on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, nevertheless decreased the photocatalytic activity to 93.67%. Eventually, the degradation activity of DCB was improved to 95.70% upon increasing the photocatalyst loading on PVC film of up to 0.25 g and under neutral pH. The optimization utilizing response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design was in good agreement with the obtained experimental result. The degradation of DCB in water was justified by the identification of two intermediates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Consequently, the investigation on removal of PCBs from green mussels using polyethylene glycol (PEG), and subsequent degradation of PCBs in aqueous phase utilizing immobilized photocatalysts, capable to degrade 83% of the total PCBs content under the optimized conditions. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79491/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79491/1/RenugambaalKNadarajanPFS2017.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
description	The deterioration of water quality has raised serious safety concerns due to the discharge of chlorinated industrial wastes such as 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are highly toxic and cause dangerous effects on human health. The polluted water is usually treated using adsorption method, Fenton, ozonation and photocatalysis. Among these methods, photocatalysis is the most promising technique for the easy decomposition of pollutants in the presence of suitable photocatalyst. Hence, in this research, a series of titania based photocatalysts have been prepared and were utilized to investigate its efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation of DCB in aqueous solution. The influence of catalyst preparation methods (sol-gel, sol-immobilization and mechanical mixing) were explored under different calcination temperatures, ratios and a light source. Further, the potential photocatalyst was then investigated by hydrothermal and hydrogenation techniques. Relatively, trimetallic oxide SnO2/WO3/TiO2 (10:10:80) prepared by mechanical mixing of hydrothermal SnO2, WO3, TiO2 calcined at 850°C, 850°C and 950°C respectively, exhibited the highest degradation of 98.43% under visible light irradiation at the DCB concentration of 100 ppm. The high activity of mechanically mixed hydrothermal trimetallic oxide Sn850/W850/T950 (10:10:80)HY was associated with the exposed surface with edges as observed in the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) morphologies, and also the presence of Ti3+ analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The existence of surface defects was further confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The reduction in the band gap energy of the trimetallic oxide and the absorption shift towards the visible light region was observed in the absorption band edge using diffuse reflectance-ultraviolet visible (DRUV) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirmed the absence of an interface gap between the metal oxides which is beneficial for the occurrence of charge transfer and enhancement of the activity. The effectiveness of this photocatalyst when immobilized on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, nevertheless decreased the photocatalytic activity to 93.67%. Eventually, the degradation activity of DCB was improved to 95.70% upon increasing the photocatalyst loading on PVC film of up to 0.25 g and under neutral pH. The optimization utilizing response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design was in good agreement with the obtained experimental result. The degradation of DCB in water was justified by the identification of two intermediates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Consequently, the investigation on removal of PCBs from green mussels using polyethylene glycol (PEG), and subsequent degradation of PCBs in aqueous phase utilizing immobilized photocatalysts, capable to degrade 83% of the total PCBs content under the optimized conditions.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal
author_facet	K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal
author_sort	K. Nadarajan, Renugambaal
title	Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
title_short	Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
title_full	Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
title_fullStr	Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
title_sort	preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79491/1/RenugambaalKNadarajanPFS2017.pdf
_version_	1747818239269797888

Preparation and characterization of titania based trimetallic metal oxide photocatalysts for photodegradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in aqueous phase

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