Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique

The earth’s crust undergoes natural deformation due to the geophysical loadings that consist of the earth body tide, ocean tide loading, atmospheric pressure loading and pole tide. This periodic displacement is generated by the changes of the gravitational attraction between the moon and the sun act...

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Main Author:	Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	NA Architecture
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81709/1/NurSurayatulAtikahMFABU2018.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.817092019-09-22T07:25:49Z Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique 2018 Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah NA Architecture The earth’s crust undergoes natural deformation due to the geophysical loadings that consist of the earth body tide, ocean tide loading, atmospheric pressure loading and pole tide. This periodic displacement is generated by the changes of the gravitational attraction between the moon and the sun acting upon the earth’s rotation, along with the temporal atmospheric changes and the variability of the ocean tide. The study of the geophysical loadings is important in the geodesy field as the magnitude of the signals is significant and can contribute to errors in space geodetic measurements such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Altimeter. This study aims to estimate the spatio-temporal variation of the geophysical loadings due to the earth body tide, ocean tide loading and the total signals of the earth tide over the Malaysian region, based on the GPS observations by using a Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) GPS approach. Continuous GPS observations over a one-year period in the year 2013 have been utilised to observe the diurnal, semi-diurnal and long-term periods of tidal constituents. The tidal analysis of harmonic and spectral are conducted to examine the characteristic of the geophysical loadings as well as to estimate the tidal parameters of the tidal constituents. The results of the geophysical loadings derived from the KPPP GPS solutions correlate well with the predictions of the theoretical models, IERS2003 and NAO.99b, with the correlation coefficient above 0.90 at three components: north, east and up. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than ±1 cm at north and east components and around ±6 cm at up component for both earth body tide and earth tide. The RMSE is minimal at all components of ocean tide loading. The presence of the geophysical loadings indicates that as many as 76% to 93% of the geophysical loadings signal are contained in the GPS time series. The findings reveal that earth body tide signals are more significant if compared to ocean tide loading signals because the magnitude of the earth body tide is greater than that of the ocean tide loading and it affects the coordinate system particularly at up component. The spatio-temporal variation of the geophysical loadings is generated during the apogee and perigee phenomena, monsoon seasons and throughout the year 2013 to provide the information on the temporal changes from the geophysical loadings response. Results have widened the understanding of geophysical loadings variations in equatorial regions and illustrated the potential of GPS to provide the local parameters of the geophysical loadings that are beneficial for earth tidal modelling and that can be used to improve the quality of space geodetic measurements. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81709/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81709/1/NurSurayatulAtikahMFABU2018.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:126575 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Built Environment
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	NA Architecture
spellingShingle	NA Architecture Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
description	The earth’s crust undergoes natural deformation due to the geophysical loadings that consist of the earth body tide, ocean tide loading, atmospheric pressure loading and pole tide. This periodic displacement is generated by the changes of the gravitational attraction between the moon and the sun acting upon the earth’s rotation, along with the temporal atmospheric changes and the variability of the ocean tide. The study of the geophysical loadings is important in the geodesy field as the magnitude of the signals is significant and can contribute to errors in space geodetic measurements such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Altimeter. This study aims to estimate the spatio-temporal variation of the geophysical loadings due to the earth body tide, ocean tide loading and the total signals of the earth tide over the Malaysian region, based on the GPS observations by using a Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) GPS approach. Continuous GPS observations over a one-year period in the year 2013 have been utilised to observe the diurnal, semi-diurnal and long-term periods of tidal constituents. The tidal analysis of harmonic and spectral are conducted to examine the characteristic of the geophysical loadings as well as to estimate the tidal parameters of the tidal constituents. The results of the geophysical loadings derived from the KPPP GPS solutions correlate well with the predictions of the theoretical models, IERS2003 and NAO.99b, with the correlation coefficient above 0.90 at three components: north, east and up. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than ±1 cm at north and east components and around ±6 cm at up component for both earth body tide and earth tide. The RMSE is minimal at all components of ocean tide loading. The presence of the geophysical loadings indicates that as many as 76% to 93% of the geophysical loadings signal are contained in the GPS time series. The findings reveal that earth body tide signals are more significant if compared to ocean tide loading signals because the magnitude of the earth body tide is greater than that of the ocean tide loading and it affects the coordinate system particularly at up component. The spatio-temporal variation of the geophysical loadings is generated during the apogee and perigee phenomena, monsoon seasons and throughout the year 2013 to provide the information on the temporal changes from the geophysical loadings response. Results have widened the understanding of geophysical loadings variations in equatorial regions and illustrated the potential of GPS to provide the local parameters of the geophysical loadings that are beneficial for earth tidal modelling and that can be used to improve the quality of space geodetic measurements.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah
author_facet	Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah
author_sort	Alihan, Nur Surayatul Atikah
title	Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
title_short	Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
title_full	Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
title_fullStr	Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
title_full_unstemmed	Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
title_sort	estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Built Environment
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81709/1/NurSurayatulAtikahMFABU2018.pdf
_version_	1747818394876379136

Estimation of geophysical loadings over the malaysian region based on kinematic precise point positioning gps technique

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