Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor

Rubber is one of the major agro-based industrial sectors that contributes to the development of the country. Malaysia is one of the leading producers of natural rubber in the world. The rubber industry consumes large volume of water, uses chemicals and other utilities, and produces an enormous amoun...

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Main Author:	Rosman, Noor Hasyimah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81751/1/NoorHasyimahRosmanPFKA2017.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.817512019-09-22T07:26:26Z Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor 2017 Rosman, Noor Hasyimah TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Rubber is one of the major agro-based industrial sectors that contributes to the development of the country. Malaysia is one of the leading producers of natural rubber in the world. The rubber industry consumes large volume of water, uses chemicals and other utilities, and produces an enormous amount of wastes and effluent. As rubber effluent contributes to highly polluted wastewater, the need to find an efficient and practical approach to preserve the environment is essential. Thus, this study aims to investigate the applicability of aerobic granular sludge technology in treating rubber processing wastewater using a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Aerobic granular sludge was developed in a 1.6 L working volume of column reactor that operated with 3 hours of cycle time for 90 days. The reactor had a volumetric exchange ratio of 30% and the superficial upflow air velocity was set at 1.2 cm/s. The dissolved oxygen in the reactor was within the range of 6.0-7.5 mg/L. The SBR system was run at organic loading rate of 0.8-3.3 kg COD/m3 day and COD/N/P ratio was 100/19/8. Results showed that aerobic granules formed had an average diameter of 1.4 to 2.8 mm with settling velocity of 57.8 ± 3.5 m/h and sludge volume index (SVI) of 46.0 mL/g. These properties caused a significant increase in biomass concentration from 3.8 to 10.1 g/L, which was observed to be beneficial for the performance of the reactor system. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations revealed that aerobic granular sludge consisted of non-filamentous cocci-shaped bacteria, tightly linked to one another to form a compact structure. The performances of aerobic granules that formed at three different cycle times of 3, 6 and 12 hours of SBR operation were studied. The highest cycle time favours the highest removal performances in removing organic and nutrients. 96.9% COD removal was achieved when the reactor was operated at high cycle time of 12 hours, while around 60.0% and 65.9% removal efficiencies were recorded for total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the granular SBR system for rubber processing wastewater treatment. The metagenome analysis was used to discover the microbial community that accumulated in aerobic granular sludge, which was potential in the granulation and biodegradation process. The abundance of COD degrading, denitrifying and polyphosphate bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Thauera bacteria were high in aerobic granules. Those bacteria had both capability in producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and degrading waste. The characteristics of EPS of aerobic granular sludge were determined. Proteins (PN) were more dominant than polysaccharides (PS) in the EPS of aerobic granular sludge. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) results also indicated the importance of aromatic protein-like substances, particularly tryptophan in maintaining the stable structure of granular sludge. Despite the different cycle times, aerobic granular sludge formation was successfully achieved for the treatment of high strength wastewater such as rubber effluent. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81751/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81751/1/NoorHasyimahRosmanPFKA2017.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:125960 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Rosman, Noor Hasyimah Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
description	Rubber is one of the major agro-based industrial sectors that contributes to the development of the country. Malaysia is one of the leading producers of natural rubber in the world. The rubber industry consumes large volume of water, uses chemicals and other utilities, and produces an enormous amount of wastes and effluent. As rubber effluent contributes to highly polluted wastewater, the need to find an efficient and practical approach to preserve the environment is essential. Thus, this study aims to investigate the applicability of aerobic granular sludge technology in treating rubber processing wastewater using a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Aerobic granular sludge was developed in a 1.6 L working volume of column reactor that operated with 3 hours of cycle time for 90 days. The reactor had a volumetric exchange ratio of 30% and the superficial upflow air velocity was set at 1.2 cm/s. The dissolved oxygen in the reactor was within the range of 6.0-7.5 mg/L. The SBR system was run at organic loading rate of 0.8-3.3 kg COD/m3 day and COD/N/P ratio was 100/19/8. Results showed that aerobic granules formed had an average diameter of 1.4 to 2.8 mm with settling velocity of 57.8 ± 3.5 m/h and sludge volume index (SVI) of 46.0 mL/g. These properties caused a significant increase in biomass concentration from 3.8 to 10.1 g/L, which was observed to be beneficial for the performance of the reactor system. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations revealed that aerobic granular sludge consisted of non-filamentous cocci-shaped bacteria, tightly linked to one another to form a compact structure. The performances of aerobic granules that formed at three different cycle times of 3, 6 and 12 hours of SBR operation were studied. The highest cycle time favours the highest removal performances in removing organic and nutrients. 96.9% COD removal was achieved when the reactor was operated at high cycle time of 12 hours, while around 60.0% and 65.9% removal efficiencies were recorded for total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the granular SBR system for rubber processing wastewater treatment. The metagenome analysis was used to discover the microbial community that accumulated in aerobic granular sludge, which was potential in the granulation and biodegradation process. The abundance of COD degrading, denitrifying and polyphosphate bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Thauera bacteria were high in aerobic granules. Those bacteria had both capability in producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and degrading waste. The characteristics of EPS of aerobic granular sludge were determined. Proteins (PN) were more dominant than polysaccharides (PS) in the EPS of aerobic granular sludge. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) results also indicated the importance of aromatic protein-like substances, particularly tryptophan in maintaining the stable structure of granular sludge. Despite the different cycle times, aerobic granular sludge formation was successfully achieved for the treatment of high strength wastewater such as rubber effluent.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Rosman, Noor Hasyimah
author_facet	Rosman, Noor Hasyimah
author_sort	Rosman, Noor Hasyimah
title	Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
title_short	Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
title_full	Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
title_fullStr	Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
title_full_unstemmed	Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
title_sort	biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Civil Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81751/1/NoorHasyimahRosmanPFKA2017.pdf
_version_	1747818405178638336

Biogranular sludge for rubber processing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor

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