Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj

Crowding perception has been studied in various settings to alleviate the effect of the crowded conditions on participants’ well-being. These include festivals, outdoor recreation, tourism and retail settings. However, very few researches have addressed the crowding perception in religious settings...

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Main Author:	Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A.
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TH434-437 Quantity surveying
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81859/1/AlsolamiBadrPFAB2019.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.81859
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.818592019-09-29T10:53:57Z Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj 2019-03 Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A. TH434-437 Quantity surveying Crowding perception has been studied in various settings to alleviate the effect of the crowded conditions on participants’ well-being. These include festivals, outdoor recreation, tourism and retail settings. However, very few researches have addressed the crowding perception in religious settings that include a large number of populations such as during the Hajj. More than two million pilgrims perform their Hajj every year. The Hajj process involves staying at the holy site of Mina from four to five days. In Mina, the pilgrims require a peaceful atmosphere to perform their Hajj rituals. A large number of pilgrims and Mina’s spatial constraints led to crowded conditions that affected the pilgrims’ peaceful atmosphere and created serious safety and comfort concerns. It appears that little research consideration has been given to alleviate the impact of the crowded conditions on the pilgrims. Therefore, the research aim is to establish parameters that affect pilgrims’ levels of crowding perception toward enhancing their perception of safety and comfort in Mina during the Hajj. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was employed to develop a conceptual framework that considers the possible influential factors that might affect the pilgrims’ and the effect of their perceived crowding on perceived levels of safety and comfort in Mina. Then, this research used a quantitative research design and data were randomly collected from 1243 pilgrims of seven pilgrim groups representing seven Hajj establishments. The data were analysed using the SPSS and AMOS software. The findings revealed that for all pilgrims, one socio-demographic factor (education), one personal factor (expectation), two social factors (provision of information and activities) and three physical factors (routing strategies, disorientation causes and coding and signage) are observed to have significant impact on the pilgrims’ crowding perception, which significantly affects their levels of perceived safety and comfort in Mina. The findings also indicated that the impact of influential factors on the pilgrims’ crowding perception varies according to their pilgrims’ group. Based on the findings, this research recommended eight parameters that affect the pilgrims’ levels of crowding perception to enhance their levels of perceived safety and comfort in Mina. Furthermore, this thesis suggested some theoretical and practical implications as well as important avenues for future research. 2019-03 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81859/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81859/1/AlsolamiBadrPFAB2019.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:126489 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TH434-437 Quantity surveying
spellingShingle	TH434-437 Quantity surveying Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A. Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
description	Crowding perception has been studied in various settings to alleviate the effect of the crowded conditions on participants’ well-being. These include festivals, outdoor recreation, tourism and retail settings. However, very few researches have addressed the crowding perception in religious settings that include a large number of populations such as during the Hajj. More than two million pilgrims perform their Hajj every year. The Hajj process involves staying at the holy site of Mina from four to five days. In Mina, the pilgrims require a peaceful atmosphere to perform their Hajj rituals. A large number of pilgrims and Mina’s spatial constraints led to crowded conditions that affected the pilgrims’ peaceful atmosphere and created serious safety and comfort concerns. It appears that little research consideration has been given to alleviate the impact of the crowded conditions on the pilgrims. Therefore, the research aim is to establish parameters that affect pilgrims’ levels of crowding perception toward enhancing their perception of safety and comfort in Mina during the Hajj. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was employed to develop a conceptual framework that considers the possible influential factors that might affect the pilgrims’ and the effect of their perceived crowding on perceived levels of safety and comfort in Mina. Then, this research used a quantitative research design and data were randomly collected from 1243 pilgrims of seven pilgrim groups representing seven Hajj establishments. The data were analysed using the SPSS and AMOS software. The findings revealed that for all pilgrims, one socio-demographic factor (education), one personal factor (expectation), two social factors (provision of information and activities) and three physical factors (routing strategies, disorientation causes and coding and signage) are observed to have significant impact on the pilgrims’ crowding perception, which significantly affects their levels of perceived safety and comfort in Mina. The findings also indicated that the impact of influential factors on the pilgrims’ crowding perception varies according to their pilgrims’ group. Based on the findings, this research recommended eight parameters that affect the pilgrims’ levels of crowding perception to enhance their levels of perceived safety and comfort in Mina. Furthermore, this thesis suggested some theoretical and practical implications as well as important avenues for future research.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A.
author_facet	Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A.
author_sort	Alsolami, Badr Mohammed A.
title	Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
title_short	Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
title_full	Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
title_fullStr	Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
title_full_unstemmed	Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj
title_sort	crowoding in mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in hajj
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Built Environment
granting_department	Faculty of Built Environment
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81859/1/AlsolamiBadrPFAB2019.pdf
_version_	1747818419414106112

Crowoding in Mina based on pilgrims’ perception of safety and comfort in Hajj

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