Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a plentiful agricultural waste in Malaysia has never been utilized for the production of succinic acid via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The presence of lignin and hemicellulose makes the biomass difficult to be hydrolysed by enzymes and micr...

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Main Author:	Akhtar, Junaid
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84067/1/JunaidAkhtarPFChE2017.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.840672019-11-05T04:36:24Z Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch 2017-01 Akhtar, Junaid TP Chemical technology Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a plentiful agricultural waste in Malaysia has never been utilized for the production of succinic acid via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The presence of lignin and hemicellulose makes the biomass difficult to be hydrolysed by enzymes and microbes. Hence, effective pretreatment method is required to release cellulose from the crystalline complex structure of lignocellulose. The novelty of this study is the production of succinic acid via SSF from EFB by a rumen bacteria Actinobaccilus succinogenes ATCC 55618. The effect of three different methods; autoclave/alkali (AA), dilute acid (DA) and sequential dilute acid microwave/alkali (DA-MwA) pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of EFB were analysed and their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF process were also assessed. Results revealed that maximum amount of cellulose (86.8 g/100g) was achieved for DA-MwA as compared with AA (53.3 g/100g) and DA (46.7 g/100g). The highest glucose concentration among all pretreated EFB was DA-MwA (20.3 gL-1) method using cellulase enzyme. The effect of different cellulase: cellobiase ratios on enzymatic hydrolysis of DA-MwA pretreated EFB showed that ratio of 7:1 produced 34.45 % higher glucose as compared when only cellulase was used. Succinic acid concentration via SSF from DA-MwA (33.4 gL-1) was the highest followed by AA (20.9 gL-1) and DA (14.4 gL-1). The SSF media for the succinic acid production was optimized using Full Factorial Design (FFD) by varying the EFB loading (10-70 gL-1 ), yeast extract (0-20 gL-1) and corn steep liquor (0-20 gL-1) followed by Face Central Composite Design. The best concentration of succinic acid (39.14 gL-1) was obtained when the values of EFB, yeast extract and corn steep liquor were set at 70 gL-1, 30 gL-1 and 10 gL-1, respectively. The influence of three independent SSF process variables: enzyme loading (10-70 FPU/g), temperature (36-40 oC) and pH (5-8) were investigated for succinic acid production using FFD. When the enzyme loading was set at 40 FPU/g, temperature 36 oC and pH 5; the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted Response Surface Methodology model where the best succinic acid production of 42.5 gL-1 was achieved. The present study revealed that using DA-MwA pretreated EFB, cellulose was utilized by cellulase and cellobiase enzymes via optimized SSF conditions resulting in optimum production of succinic acid. 2017-01 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84067/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84067/1/JunaidAkhtarPFChE2017.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:126124 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Akhtar, Junaid Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
description	Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a plentiful agricultural waste in Malaysia has never been utilized for the production of succinic acid via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The presence of lignin and hemicellulose makes the biomass difficult to be hydrolysed by enzymes and microbes. Hence, effective pretreatment method is required to release cellulose from the crystalline complex structure of lignocellulose. The novelty of this study is the production of succinic acid via SSF from EFB by a rumen bacteria Actinobaccilus succinogenes ATCC 55618. The effect of three different methods; autoclave/alkali (AA), dilute acid (DA) and sequential dilute acid microwave/alkali (DA-MwA) pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of EFB were analysed and their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF process were also assessed. Results revealed that maximum amount of cellulose (86.8 g/100g) was achieved for DA-MwA as compared with AA (53.3 g/100g) and DA (46.7 g/100g). The highest glucose concentration among all pretreated EFB was DA-MwA (20.3 gL-1) method using cellulase enzyme. The effect of different cellulase: cellobiase ratios on enzymatic hydrolysis of DA-MwA pretreated EFB showed that ratio of 7:1 produced 34.45 % higher glucose as compared when only cellulase was used. Succinic acid concentration via SSF from DA-MwA (33.4 gL-1) was the highest followed by AA (20.9 gL-1) and DA (14.4 gL-1). The SSF media for the succinic acid production was optimized using Full Factorial Design (FFD) by varying the EFB loading (10-70 gL-1 ), yeast extract (0-20 gL-1) and corn steep liquor (0-20 gL-1) followed by Face Central Composite Design. The best concentration of succinic acid (39.14 gL-1) was obtained when the values of EFB, yeast extract and corn steep liquor were set at 70 gL-1, 30 gL-1 and 10 gL-1, respectively. The influence of three independent SSF process variables: enzyme loading (10-70 FPU/g), temperature (36-40 oC) and pH (5-8) were investigated for succinic acid production using FFD. When the enzyme loading was set at 40 FPU/g, temperature 36 oC and pH 5; the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted Response Surface Methodology model where the best succinic acid production of 42.5 gL-1 was achieved. The present study revealed that using DA-MwA pretreated EFB, cellulose was utilized by cellulase and cellobiase enzymes via optimized SSF conditions resulting in optimum production of succinic acid.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Akhtar, Junaid
author_facet	Akhtar, Junaid
author_sort	Akhtar, Junaid
title	Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_short	Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_full	Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_fullStr	Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_full_unstemmed	Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_sort	succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84067/1/JunaidAkhtarPFChE2017.pdf
_version_	1747818437361532928

Succinic acid production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch

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