Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods

Counterfeiting of banknotes is one of the oldest criminal activities since 5th century AD and it still a constant concern to various countries including Malaysia because of its effects on the economy. With the continuous improvement and advanced printing technology nowadays, the task of identifying...

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Main Author:	Foo, Keat How
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Q Science (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/85834/1/FooKeatHowMFS2019.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.85834
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spelling	my-utm-ep.858342021-05-31T01:20:12Z Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods 2019 Foo, Keat How Q Science (General) Counterfeiting of banknotes is one of the oldest criminal activities since 5th century AD and it still a constant concern to various countries including Malaysia because of its effects on the economy. With the continuous improvement and advanced printing technology nowadays, the task of identifying counterfeit banknote is getting more formidable. This study presents the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometric tools as an analytical method to discriminate authentic and counterfeit RM50 banknotes. The counterfeit RM50 banknotes were obtained on loan from Commercial Crime Investigation Department (CCID), Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). The RM50 banknotes samples were first examined under video spectral comparator (VSC) followed by the characterization of the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes in the IR fingerprint region (1800-650 cm-1) using ATR-FTIR. Fifteen areas of the RM50 banknotes samples were scanned for examining its functional groups in the IR fingerprint region and five areas of the RM50 banknotes samples were then selected into chemometric study. These parameters were computed using Solo 8.6 software to determine the organization of dataset and the main contributing factors for grouping using the unsupervised PCA. Supervised PLS-DA models were developed for predicting the unknown samples. PCA scores with more than 90% of variances was attained illustrating it as the main factors contributing for grouping. Although ATRFTIR spectra was adequate for differentiating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples, PCA was applied for better separation in view of its practical values in forensic investigations, resulting few distinct clusters differentiating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples and within the counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples. The reliability of the PLS-DA results were examined based on its RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP values, and were acceptable for discrimination of genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples. Hence, the method of ATR-FTIR spectral data coupled with PCA and PLS-DA can be adopted as a useful complementary tool in RMP investigation for discriminating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/85834/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/85834/1/FooKeatHowMFS2019.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:132639 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Q Science (General)
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) Foo, Keat How Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
description	Counterfeiting of banknotes is one of the oldest criminal activities since 5th century AD and it still a constant concern to various countries including Malaysia because of its effects on the economy. With the continuous improvement and advanced printing technology nowadays, the task of identifying counterfeit banknote is getting more formidable. This study presents the Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometric tools as an analytical method to discriminate authentic and counterfeit RM50 banknotes. The counterfeit RM50 banknotes were obtained on loan from Commercial Crime Investigation Department (CCID), Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). The RM50 banknotes samples were first examined under video spectral comparator (VSC) followed by the characterization of the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes in the IR fingerprint region (1800-650 cm-1) using ATR-FTIR. Fifteen areas of the RM50 banknotes samples were scanned for examining its functional groups in the IR fingerprint region and five areas of the RM50 banknotes samples were then selected into chemometric study. These parameters were computed using Solo 8.6 software to determine the organization of dataset and the main contributing factors for grouping using the unsupervised PCA. Supervised PLS-DA models were developed for predicting the unknown samples. PCA scores with more than 90% of variances was attained illustrating it as the main factors contributing for grouping. Although ATRFTIR spectra was adequate for differentiating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples, PCA was applied for better separation in view of its practical values in forensic investigations, resulting few distinct clusters differentiating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples and within the counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples. The reliability of the PLS-DA results were examined based on its RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP values, and were acceptable for discrimination of genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples. Hence, the method of ATR-FTIR spectral data coupled with PCA and PLS-DA can be adopted as a useful complementary tool in RMP investigation for discriminating the genuine and counterfeit RM50 banknotes samples.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Foo, Keat How
author_facet	Foo, Keat How
author_sort	Foo, Keat How
title	Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
title_short	Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
title_full	Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
title_fullStr	Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
title_full_unstemmed	Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
title_sort	discrimination of counterpest fifty ringgit malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/85834/1/FooKeatHowMFS2019.pdf
_version_	1747818460832858112

Discrimination of counterpest fifty Ringgit Malaysia banknotes using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods

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