Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal

The development of industries in Malaysia has led to water pollution. Adsorption is an effective technique in the treatment of wastewater as it utilizes low cost adsorbent, no sludge generation, and simple to operate. Pyrolysis waste tyre powder is a suitable precursor of activated carbon due to its...

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Main Author:	Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86027/1/MohdShafiqHakimiMSChE2018.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.860272020-08-30T08:49:36Z Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal 2019 Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi TP Chemical technology The development of industries in Malaysia has led to water pollution. Adsorption is an effective technique in the treatment of wastewater as it utilizes low cost adsorbent, no sludge generation, and simple to operate. Pyrolysis waste tyre powder is a suitable precursor of activated carbon due to its high carbon content, less commercial value and abundantly available. This work aims to evaluate the adsorption properties of activated carbons prepared from pyrolysed waste tyre powder for the removal of positively charged methylene blue and negatively charged phenol from water. The activated carbons were prepared by physical activation using carbon dioxide at activation temperatures of 900 to 1000 °C for 2 to 8 h. The resultant activated carbons were modified with hydrofluoric acid followed by nitric acid, and were characterized for Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pH value at the point of zero charge, scanning electron microscope, functional groups and thermal gravimetric analysis. The adsorption of methylene blue and phenol were studied at varying concentrations (5 - 200 mg/L), contact times (5 min - 72 h) and temperatures (30 - 60 oC). The isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics models were employed to describe the adsorption data. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased with activation temperature and time. The maximum adsorption of methylene blue is 132 mg/g. The oxidized activated carbon showed an increase of methylene blue adsorption from 102 mg/g (bulk) to 107 mg/g. However, the phenol adsorption decreased from 48 to 39 mg/g after oxidation. The equilibrium data of methylene blue adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models, while that of phenol adsorption obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics data of both model pollutants could be described by the pseudo-second-order model. The rate-limiting step in the adsorption of methylene blue and phenol could be dominated by pore diffusion. The positive enthalpy change and entropy change indicate that the adsorption of methylene blue is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperatures, while the phenol adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures. In conclusion, the activated carbons prepared are feasible to be used as an adsorbent. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86027/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86027/1/MohdShafiqHakimiMSChE2018.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:131367 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
description	The development of industries in Malaysia has led to water pollution. Adsorption is an effective technique in the treatment of wastewater as it utilizes low cost adsorbent, no sludge generation, and simple to operate. Pyrolysis waste tyre powder is a suitable precursor of activated carbon due to its high carbon content, less commercial value and abundantly available. This work aims to evaluate the adsorption properties of activated carbons prepared from pyrolysed waste tyre powder for the removal of positively charged methylene blue and negatively charged phenol from water. The activated carbons were prepared by physical activation using carbon dioxide at activation temperatures of 900 to 1000 °C for 2 to 8 h. The resultant activated carbons were modified with hydrofluoric acid followed by nitric acid, and were characterized for Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pH value at the point of zero charge, scanning electron microscope, functional groups and thermal gravimetric analysis. The adsorption of methylene blue and phenol were studied at varying concentrations (5 - 200 mg/L), contact times (5 min - 72 h) and temperatures (30 - 60 oC). The isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics models were employed to describe the adsorption data. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased with activation temperature and time. The maximum adsorption of methylene blue is 132 mg/g. The oxidized activated carbon showed an increase of methylene blue adsorption from 102 mg/g (bulk) to 107 mg/g. However, the phenol adsorption decreased from 48 to 39 mg/g after oxidation. The equilibrium data of methylene blue adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models, while that of phenol adsorption obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics data of both model pollutants could be described by the pseudo-second-order model. The rate-limiting step in the adsorption of methylene blue and phenol could be dominated by pore diffusion. The positive enthalpy change and entropy change indicate that the adsorption of methylene blue is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperatures, while the phenol adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures. In conclusion, the activated carbons prepared are feasible to be used as an adsorbent.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi
author_facet	Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi
author_sort	Mohd. Shaid, Mohd. Shafiq Hakimi
title	Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
title_short	Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
title_full	Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
title_fullStr	Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
title_full_unstemmed	Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
title_sort	waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86027/1/MohdShafiqHakimiMSChE2018.pdf
_version_	1747818482723979264

Waste tyre powder-based activated carbons by Co2 activation for methylene blue and phenol removal

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