Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement

Highway construction use river sand as a part of the materials. Due to fast developments, normal sand demand is increase and over exploited in construction. The increase in rate leads to increase in demand for raw materials which in turn leads to price hike of raw materials. Therefore this research...

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Main Author:	Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86031/1/MohdZawawivAzizMFKA2017.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.86031
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spelling	my-utm-ep.860312020-08-30T08:49:39Z Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement 2017 Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Highway construction use river sand as a part of the materials. Due to fast developments, normal sand demand is increase and over exploited in construction. The increase in rate leads to increase in demand for raw materials which in turn leads to price hike of raw materials. Therefore this research aims to investigate the suitability of garnet waste to replace sand partially or fully as bedding materials. The objectives of the research are to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value at various content of sand-garnet ratio to be applied as bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement (CBP). Samples are labelled as 10S, 9S1G, 8S2G, 7S3G, 6S4G and 10G to differentiate the garnet waste content. Sieve analysis was carried out accordance to BS 882. Optimum moisture content (OMC) of sample was determined using compaction proctor test that refers to BS1377-2. Then the OMC used to determine CBR value of samples that accordance to BS1377-4. Experimental sieve analysis, OMC at maximum dry density (MDD) and CBR value were analysed and compared to the requirements to be applied as bedding sand layer. CBR value of sample type 10S, 9S1G, 8S2G, 7S3G, 6S4G and 10G were calculated 24.85%, 38.92%, 41.26%, 49.5% 47.83% and 42.67% respectively. Sample type 7S3G showed the highest CBR value of samples. However, only sample type 9S1G and 8S2G meet the requirements as materials for bedding sand layer application. Even all samples achieve acceptable CBR value for fine grained soil, but only sample type 9S1G and 8S2G meet the requirements of BS882 grading curve for bedding sand layer materials. Therefore, this research proposes the usage of 20% garnet waste for bedding sand layer application. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86031/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86031/1/MohdZawawivAzizMFKA2017.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:132651 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering - School of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
description	Highway construction use river sand as a part of the materials. Due to fast developments, normal sand demand is increase and over exploited in construction. The increase in rate leads to increase in demand for raw materials which in turn leads to price hike of raw materials. Therefore this research aims to investigate the suitability of garnet waste to replace sand partially or fully as bedding materials. The objectives of the research are to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value at various content of sand-garnet ratio to be applied as bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement (CBP). Samples are labelled as 10S, 9S1G, 8S2G, 7S3G, 6S4G and 10G to differentiate the garnet waste content. Sieve analysis was carried out accordance to BS 882. Optimum moisture content (OMC) of sample was determined using compaction proctor test that refers to BS1377-2. Then the OMC used to determine CBR value of samples that accordance to BS1377-4. Experimental sieve analysis, OMC at maximum dry density (MDD) and CBR value were analysed and compared to the requirements to be applied as bedding sand layer. CBR value of sample type 10S, 9S1G, 8S2G, 7S3G, 6S4G and 10G were calculated 24.85%, 38.92%, 41.26%, 49.5% 47.83% and 42.67% respectively. Sample type 7S3G showed the highest CBR value of samples. However, only sample type 9S1G and 8S2G meet the requirements as materials for bedding sand layer application. Even all samples achieve acceptable CBR value for fine grained soil, but only sample type 9S1G and 8S2G meet the requirements of BS882 grading curve for bedding sand layer materials. Therefore, this research proposes the usage of 20% garnet waste for bedding sand layer application.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv
author_facet	Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv
author_sort	Aziz, Mohd. Zawawiv
title	Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
title_short	Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
title_full	Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
title_fullStr	Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
title_full_unstemmed	Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
title_sort	partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/86031/1/MohdZawawivAzizMFKA2017.pdf
_version_	1747818483215761408

Partial replacement of normal sand with garnet waste for bedding sand layer of concrete block pavement

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