Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and Soxhlet extraction were performed on Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. The focus of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 conditions on extract yield, squalene composition and solubility of extract. In addition, the com...

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Main Author:	Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87176/1/WanNurulDiyanaMSChE2019.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.871762020-11-30T09:00:33Z Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide 2019 Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana TP Chemical technology Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and Soxhlet extraction were performed on Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. The focus of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 conditions on extract yield, squalene composition and solubility of extract. In addition, the comparison in terms of extract yield and squalene composition was also done with Soxhlet extraction. The final objective is to optimize the SC-CO2 extraction of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves assisted by a co-solvent using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of SC-CO2 at various pressures and temperatures were investigated on extraction yield and squalene concentration in Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extracts. This research was conducted at temperature and pressure of 45 °C to 75 °C and 10 MPa to 30 MPa, respectively, and assisted by 2% ethanol as a co-solvent. The effect of variables and the optimum conditions of extraction yield, squalene concentration, and solubility of extract were examined in the RSM. In comparison, the Soxhlet extraction produced the highest extraction yield (45.66%), whereas SC-CO2 gave the highest squalene concentration (14.83 wt%). The optimization of SC-CO2 extraction adequately fits the second-order polynomial model with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9452 (extraction yield), 0.8685 (squalene concentration) and 0.7770 (solubility of extract) at 95% confidence level. The predicted values of optimum yield of extract (12.2655%), squalene concentration (12.0295%) and solubility of extract (0.0138611) were obtained at 63.66 °C and 30 MPa during 1 hour of extraction. Thus, the extraction of squalene from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves using SC-CO2 was improved in terms of quality and purity of extract compared to the Soxhlet extraction. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87176/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87176/1/WanNurulDiyanaMSChE2019.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:131573 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
description	Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and Soxhlet extraction were performed on Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. The focus of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 conditions on extract yield, squalene composition and solubility of extract. In addition, the comparison in terms of extract yield and squalene composition was also done with Soxhlet extraction. The final objective is to optimize the SC-CO2 extraction of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves assisted by a co-solvent using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of SC-CO2 at various pressures and temperatures were investigated on extraction yield and squalene concentration in Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extracts. This research was conducted at temperature and pressure of 45 °C to 75 °C and 10 MPa to 30 MPa, respectively, and assisted by 2% ethanol as a co-solvent. The effect of variables and the optimum conditions of extraction yield, squalene concentration, and solubility of extract were examined in the RSM. In comparison, the Soxhlet extraction produced the highest extraction yield (45.66%), whereas SC-CO2 gave the highest squalene concentration (14.83 wt%). The optimization of SC-CO2 extraction adequately fits the second-order polynomial model with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9452 (extraction yield), 0.8685 (squalene concentration) and 0.7770 (solubility of extract) at 95% confidence level. The predicted values of optimum yield of extract (12.2655%), squalene concentration (12.0295%) and solubility of extract (0.0138611) were obtained at 63.66 °C and 30 MPa during 1 hour of extraction. Thus, the extraction of squalene from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves using SC-CO2 was improved in terms of quality and purity of extract compared to the Soxhlet extraction.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana
author_facet	Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana
author_sort	Ramli, Wan Nurul Diyana
title	Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
title_short	Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
title_full	Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
title_fullStr	Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
title_sort	extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87176/1/WanNurulDiyanaMSChE2019.pdf
_version_	1747818532083597312

Extraction of squalene from aquilaria malaccensis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide

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