Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films

The objective of this research was to study the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/cockle shell (CS) composite films. Untreated cockle shells (UCS) and treated cockle shells (TCS) were used as fillers in the composite system with filler loadings of 10...

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Main Author:	Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91896/1/MuhammadHusnanMustaffaMSChE2018.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.918962021-08-09T08:45:46Z Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films 2018 Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan TP Chemical technology The objective of this research was to study the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/cockle shell (CS) composite films. Untreated cockle shells (UCS) and treated cockle shells (TCS) were used as fillers in the composite system with filler loadings of 10 – 50 phr. Stearic acid (SA) was used as a coupling agent to produce the TCS. The composite films were prepared using a co-rotary twin screw extruder machine at temperature 160ºC and screw speed 64 rpm followed by blown film machine. It was found that the increasing of UCS loading reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break for all LDPE/UCS composite films. However, the incorporation of SA coupling agent slightly increased the tensile strength of LDPE/TCS composite films compared to pure LDPE film and LDPE/UCS composite films. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed presence of agglomeration at the higher filler loading which probably caused the reduction on the tensile strength of LDPE/40UCS films compared to LDPE/40TCS films. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that degree of crystallinity (Xc) and melting enthalpy (?Hm) of the films slightly increased with the presence of CS loading while melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) only showed slight changes for LDPE/UCS and LDPE/TCS formulations. Reduction of Xc and ?Hm was observed in LDPE/TCS composite. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature slightly increased with the incorporation of CS and the higher char residue was observed at 50 phr filler loading for both UCS and TCS. The overall result showed that the incorporation of TCS into LDPE/TCS composite films showed better properties, especially in the tensile strength. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91896/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91896/1/MuhammadHusnanMustaffaMSChE2018.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:131370 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Creator Muhammad Husnan Mustaffa Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering Creator Muhammad Husnan Mustaffa Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
description	The objective of this research was to study the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/cockle shell (CS) composite films. Untreated cockle shells (UCS) and treated cockle shells (TCS) were used as fillers in the composite system with filler loadings of 10 – 50 phr. Stearic acid (SA) was used as a coupling agent to produce the TCS. The composite films were prepared using a co-rotary twin screw extruder machine at temperature 160ºC and screw speed 64 rpm followed by blown film machine. It was found that the increasing of UCS loading reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break for all LDPE/UCS composite films. However, the incorporation of SA coupling agent slightly increased the tensile strength of LDPE/TCS composite films compared to pure LDPE film and LDPE/UCS composite films. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed presence of agglomeration at the higher filler loading which probably caused the reduction on the tensile strength of LDPE/40UCS films compared to LDPE/40TCS films. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that degree of crystallinity (Xc) and melting enthalpy (?Hm) of the films slightly increased with the presence of CS loading while melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) only showed slight changes for LDPE/UCS and LDPE/TCS formulations. Reduction of Xc and ?Hm was observed in LDPE/TCS composite. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature slightly increased with the incorporation of CS and the higher char residue was observed at 50 phr filler loading for both UCS and TCS. The overall result showed that the incorporation of TCS into LDPE/TCS composite films showed better properties, especially in the tensile strength.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan
author_facet	Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan
author_sort	Mustaffa, Muhammad Husnan
title	Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
title_short	Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
title_full	Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
title_fullStr	Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
title_full_unstemmed	Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
title_sort	properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Creator Muhammad Husnan Mustaffa Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
granting_department	Creator Muhammad Husnan Mustaffa Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/91896/1/MuhammadHusnanMustaffaMSChE2018.pdf
_version_	1747818538474668032

Properties and characterization of low density polyethylene / treated cockle shells composite films

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