Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is part of the waste produced in the manufacturing of palm oil products. EFB is regarded to have the lowest economic value compared to palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (MF) as it contains high amount of moisture. When dried to remove moisture, EFB quality and econom...

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主要作者:	Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq
格式:	Thesis
语言:	English
出版:	2020
主题:	TP Chemical technology
在线阅读:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92033/1/MuhamadAfiqAbdulMSChE2020.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.92033
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.920332021-08-30T04:59:13Z Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value 2020 Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq TP Chemical technology Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is part of the waste produced in the manufacturing of palm oil products. EFB is regarded to have the lowest economic value compared to palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (MF) as it contains high amount of moisture. When dried to remove moisture, EFB quality and economic value can be increased. However, there is a lack of study that predicts the Higher Heating Value (HHV) of EFB based on the moisture content. This study aims to develop the correlation between the moisture content to the HHV and revenue generated by selling steam in order to clarify the problem. This study also aims to find the effects of storage duration on quality of EFB. The samples collected were divided into two stages; Stage 1 to study effects of moisture content on HHV while Stage 2 to study the effects of storage duration on moisture content and HHV. For Stage 2, 60g to 100g was taken from each sample daily to measure the moisture content and HHV. The result of this study is a linear correlation of the HHV and moisture content, y=-14.343x+17.601 with coefficient of determination, R2 value of 0.9858. It indicates a good fit linear regression. This correlation is useful in estimating the HHV of the EFB at known moisture content and to calculate the amount of steam and revenue that can be generated. The study of the storage duration effect shows the HHV increased when EFB is stored during the 7-day period. A financial mechanism in terms of price reduction was proposed based on the quality of EFB when used as fuel for boiler to produce a one tonne of steam. The EFB quality was categorised as High if moisture content less than 13 % and Low if the moisture content greater than 37 %. If the moisture content in between is regarded as medium quality. The proposed financial mechanism considered profit or losses and price reduction was suggested for lower quality of EFB according to the loss incurred. This financial mechanism can also be used in the related industry to standardise their EFB feedstock, predict the output of steam and revenue generated from selling steam, and estimate the price of EFB per tonne of steam according to the quality of EFB supplied. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92033/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92033/1/MuhamadAfiqAbdulMSChE2020.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:139170 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
description	Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is part of the waste produced in the manufacturing of palm oil products. EFB is regarded to have the lowest economic value compared to palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fibre (MF) as it contains high amount of moisture. When dried to remove moisture, EFB quality and economic value can be increased. However, there is a lack of study that predicts the Higher Heating Value (HHV) of EFB based on the moisture content. This study aims to develop the correlation between the moisture content to the HHV and revenue generated by selling steam in order to clarify the problem. This study also aims to find the effects of storage duration on quality of EFB. The samples collected were divided into two stages; Stage 1 to study effects of moisture content on HHV while Stage 2 to study the effects of storage duration on moisture content and HHV. For Stage 2, 60g to 100g was taken from each sample daily to measure the moisture content and HHV. The result of this study is a linear correlation of the HHV and moisture content, y=-14.343x+17.601 with coefficient of determination, R2 value of 0.9858. It indicates a good fit linear regression. This correlation is useful in estimating the HHV of the EFB at known moisture content and to calculate the amount of steam and revenue that can be generated. The study of the storage duration effect shows the HHV increased when EFB is stored during the 7-day period. A financial mechanism in terms of price reduction was proposed based on the quality of EFB when used as fuel for boiler to produce a one tonne of steam. The EFB quality was categorised as High if moisture content less than 13 % and Low if the moisture content greater than 37 %. If the moisture content in between is regarded as medium quality. The proposed financial mechanism considered profit or losses and price reduction was suggested for lower quality of EFB according to the loss incurred. This financial mechanism can also be used in the related industry to standardise their EFB feedstock, predict the output of steam and revenue generated from selling steam, and estimate the price of EFB per tonne of steam according to the quality of EFB supplied.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq
author_facet	Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq
author_sort	Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Afiq
title	Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
title_short	Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
title_full	Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
title_fullStr	Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
title_sort	effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92033/1/MuhamadAfiqAbdulMSChE2020.pdf
_version_	1747818557605937152

Effects of empty fruit bunch storage duration on moisture content and higher heating value

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