Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Inherent brittleness in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) largely limit its wide applications as common biodegradable plastic materials. Thus, PLA toughening through melt blending was prepared by incorporating different ratio of natural rubber (NR) (0% to 20%) as toughening agents to investigate the mechanica...

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Main Author:	Mohammad, Nisa Balqis
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92413/1/NorNisaBalqisP2020.pdf.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.924132021-09-28T07:34:20Z Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites 2020 Mohammad, Nisa Balqis TP Chemical technology Inherent brittleness in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) largely limit its wide applications as common biodegradable plastic materials. Thus, PLA toughening through melt blending was prepared by incorporating different ratio of natural rubber (NR) (0% to 20%) as toughening agents to investigate the mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of the PLA/NR blends. This approach used 9 wt.% of two different types of compatibilizers natural rubber-grafted-maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) and polylactic acid-grafted-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) in the system to enhance compatibility between PLA and NR. Then, to improve stiffness and strength of the blends, addition 1-8 phr of nanofiller pristine carbon nanotube (CNT) was added into the system to prepare PLA/NR nanocomposites. The result of mechanical properties the blends showed good performance significantly for impact strength. Additionally, thermal properties of the blends and nanocomposites were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed an increase in glass transition temperature and thermal stability by addition of CNT. Scanning electron microscopy and nanoscanning electron microscopy were conducted and revealed good dispersion of CNT particles in the PLA matrix at higher amount (8phr). Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out for microstructure properties determination for nanocomposites and showed good interactions between PLA and CNTs. Finally, melt flow index and rotational rheometer were used to characterize the rheological properties of the blends and nanocomposites. Increasing for storage modulus and loss modulus were observed in the system with addition of CNT. Experimental data obtained from rheological analysis for all these three systems were used for mathematical model approaches using Power Law and Carreau - Yasuda models to study the rheological behaviour of blends. Power Law model has the best fit and more suitable for shear-thinning behaviour because of low range shear rate system for this particular study compared to Carreau-Yasuda. As a conclusion, additional of compatibilizer and CNT led blend properties to increase significantly in impact strength and thermal stability. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92413/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92413/1/NorNisaBalqisP2020.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:138744 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mohammad, Nisa Balqis Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
description	Inherent brittleness in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) largely limit its wide applications as common biodegradable plastic materials. Thus, PLA toughening through melt blending was prepared by incorporating different ratio of natural rubber (NR) (0% to 20%) as toughening agents to investigate the mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of the PLA/NR blends. This approach used 9 wt.% of two different types of compatibilizers natural rubber-grafted-maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) and polylactic acid-grafted-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) in the system to enhance compatibility between PLA and NR. Then, to improve stiffness and strength of the blends, addition 1-8 phr of nanofiller pristine carbon nanotube (CNT) was added into the system to prepare PLA/NR nanocomposites. The result of mechanical properties the blends showed good performance significantly for impact strength. Additionally, thermal properties of the blends and nanocomposites were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed an increase in glass transition temperature and thermal stability by addition of CNT. Scanning electron microscopy and nanoscanning electron microscopy were conducted and revealed good dispersion of CNT particles in the PLA matrix at higher amount (8phr). Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out for microstructure properties determination for nanocomposites and showed good interactions between PLA and CNTs. Finally, melt flow index and rotational rheometer were used to characterize the rheological properties of the blends and nanocomposites. Increasing for storage modulus and loss modulus were observed in the system with addition of CNT. Experimental data obtained from rheological analysis for all these three systems were used for mathematical model approaches using Power Law and Carreau - Yasuda models to study the rheological behaviour of blends. Power Law model has the best fit and more suitable for shear-thinning behaviour because of low range shear rate system for this particular study compared to Carreau-Yasuda. As a conclusion, additional of compatibilizer and CNT led blend properties to increase significantly in impact strength and thermal stability.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohammad, Nisa Balqis
author_facet	Mohammad, Nisa Balqis
author_sort	Mohammad, Nisa Balqis
title	Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
title_short	Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
title_full	Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
title_fullStr	Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
title_sort	mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of poly (lactic acid) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92413/1/NorNisaBalqisP2020.pdf.pdf
_version_	1747818595125035008

Mechanical, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of POLY (LACTIC ACID) / natural rubber/ carbon nanotube nanocomposites

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